Joining signals

The examples above come from the immunoglobulin and T cell receptor loci of different species. 

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Hesse, J.E., Lieber, M.R., Gellert, M., Mizuuchi, K. (1987). Extrachromosomal DNA substrates in pre-B cells undergo inversion or deletion at immunoglobulin V-(D)-J joining signals. Cell 49,... 

Fig. 2. Deletion and inversion joining. The deletion (a) or retention (b) of intervening sequences after a joint is dependent on the chromosomal orientation of the two segments involved. The segments are indicated by boxes and the joining signals by triangles. Two fused triangles represent the reciprocal joint. Arrows indicate the transcriptional orientations of the gene segments. (The Fig. was modified from [20].)...

Fig. 4. Secondary D to Jn rearrangement. The two DJ,3 complexes of the Abelson line 300-19 are replaced in one of its subclones (300-19 P4-12) by DJ,4 complexes, (a) Location of D and JH elements on the two IgH alleles (A and B) of 300-19. The secondary D to J 4 rearrangements of P4-12 are indicated by arrows, (b) Sequences of the DJH complexes of 300-19 and P4-12 are compared to those of germline D and JH elements [9,54,55]. Crossover points are marked and N-sequences are boxed. Hep-tamers of the 5 or 3 joining signal are underlined, (c) CDR3 sequences potentially encoded by the DJm complexes of 300-19 and P4-12. Amino acids determined by N-sequences are boxed and. -sequences are underlined. (Taken from [24].)...

Fig. 5. V to VmDJh joining. A VH to DJ, joint is shown for comparison on the top. Heptamer and nonamer of a joining signal are indicated by black triangles. The internal VH heptamer is shown as a white triangle. The location of the IgH enhancer (E) is indicated. Notice that V, to VHDJH joints could occur repeatedly on the same IgH allele.

Fig. 7. Possible rearrangement events at the J locus. VK segments are assumed to have an inverse orientation to that of the J segments. The 22 or 11 base pair joining signals are indicated by black or white triangles, respectively.

Fig. 4. Orientation of immunoglobulin and TcR V gene segments relative to joining signals. The synv ...

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