Singlet-triplet transitions Jablonski diagram

Figure 1 Jablonski diagram showing energy levels and transitions F, fluorescence C, chemiluminescence P, phosphorescence CD, collisional deactivation IC, internal conversion ISC, intersystem crossing S0, ground singlet state S1( S2, excited singlet states Tl5 excited triplet state.

The Perrin-Jablonski diagram (Figure 3.1) is convenient for visualizing in a simple way the possible processes photon absorption, internal conversion, fluorescence, intersystem crossing, phosphorescence, delayed fluorescence and triplet-triplet transitions. The singlet electronic states are denoted S0 (fundamental electronic state), Si, S2,... and the triplet states, Ti,T2,. Vibrational levels are associated with each electronic state. It is important to note that absorption is very fast ( 10 15 s) with respect to all other processes (so that there is no concomitant... 

FIGURE 7.5 A Jablonski diagram. The solid horizontal lines represent molecular orbitals, with singlet states on the left and triplet states on the right. The arrows represent transitions between these levels, with straight lines for radiative transitions and wavy lines for non-radiative transitions. For the radiative transitions, absorption corresponds to the upward arrows at left, fluorescence corresponds to the downward arrows, and phosphorescence is represented by the diagonal arrow from Tj to Sq. 

A, 3A and A are molecules in first excited singlet state, molecules in triplet state and in the ground state respectively. In radiationless processes such as internal conversion and intersystem crossing the excess energy is lost to the environment as thermal energy. Some of the unimolecular processes are represented by a Jablonski diagram in Figure 5.1. Radiative transitions me denoted... 

Figure 13 Jablonski diagram showing the energy levels in the ground and excited states and their interconversions involving radiative (solid, down arrows) and nonradiative (dotted arrows) transitions. Photochemical reactions might occur from either the singlet or the triplet manifold.

Figure 19 Jablonski diagram (schematic) showing the energetic location of the first excited singlet Si and triplet states Ti with respect to the electronic singlet ground state So and possible transitions between them. Radiative transitions are indicated by straight arrows, nonradiative processes by curly ones. Solid arrows represent spin-allowed transitions, dashed-dotted lines spin-forbidden ones.

Jablonski" diagram, showing, for a molecule in the ground (spin)-singlet state S0, the (induced) absorptions, a double-quantum transition, (spontaneous) fluorescence, (spontaneous) phosphorescence, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing between the singlet manifold of states S0, S1 S2, and S3, and the lowest excited triplet state T-. ... 

Fig. 1 The Jablonski diagram the energies of the ground electronic singlet state So, excited singlet. Si, and triplet T are depicted by bold horizontal lines-, vibrational states by narrow lines-, the most important transitions are depicted by arrows and wavy lines-, the typical values (in orders of magnitudes) of rate constants of the processes have been also included...

Figure 4.1 Simplified Jablonski diagram showing the electronic energy levels of a fluorophore, illustrating excitation (Ex), fluorescence (FI), and phosphorescence (Phos). Singlet states are labeled triplet states and virbrational energy levels Kx- Solid vertical lines illustrate radiative transitions in the direction of trhe arrows, broken lines are non-radiative transition dashed lines are inter-system crossing (ISC) and internal conversion (IC), and dotted lines are vibrational relaxations (VR).

Figure 7 Typical Jablonski diagram of an organic chromophore showing the electronic ground state So, radiative transitions (thick vertical arrows), nonradiative deactivations (wavy arrows), and mtersystem crossing (ISC, curved thick arrow) from the first singlet excited state (Si) to the first triplet excited state (Ti)...

Figure 1. A Jablonski diagram showing the lowest singlet and triplet states of a typical molecule and identifying the various transitions.

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