IV-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone

The resulting complexes can be effectively employed as single component catalysts to homopolymerize ethylene or copolymerize ethylene with acrylates [50, 51] and a variety of other polar monomers including vinyl ethers, [51,52] vinyl fluoride [53], iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and AMsopropylacrylamide [54], In fact, the resulting catalysts are so robust that they can be used as single component catalysts in aqueous emulsion homo-polymerization of ethylene and copolymerization of ethylene with norbomenes and acylates [55]. 

In these equations I is the initiator and I- is the radical intermediate, M is a vinyl monomer, I—M- is an initial monomer radical, I—MnM- is a propagating polymer radical, and and M7 are polymer end groups that result from termination by disproportionation. Common vinyl monomers that can be homo-or copolymerized by radical initiation include ethylene, butadiene, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, IV-vinylimidazole, IV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and others (2). 

Manufacture. The principal manufacturers of iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone are ISP and BASF. Both consume most of their production captively as a monomer for the manufactme of PVP and copolymers. The vinylation of 2-pyrrolidinone is carried out imder alkaline catalysis analogous to the vinylation of alcohols. 2-Pyrrolidinone is treated with ca 5% potassium hydroxide, then water and some pyrrolidinone are distilled at reduced pressure. A ca 1 1 mixture (by vol) of acetylene and nitrogen is heated at 150-160°C and ca 2 MPa (22 atm). Fresh 2-pyrrolidinone and catalyst are added continuously while product is withdrawn. Conversion is limited to ca 60% to avoid excessive formation of by-products. The A(-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone is distilled at 70-85°C at 670 Pa (5 mmHg) and the yield is 70-80% (8). 

Poly(iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) (PVP) is undoubtedly the best characterized and most widely studied iV-vinyl polymer. It derives its commercial success from its biological compatibility, low toxicity, film-forming and adhesive characteristics, unusual complexing ability, relatively inert behavior toward salts and acids, and thermal and hydrolytic stability. 

Povidone Poly vi done Poljrvidon Pol jrvi donum Poly(iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) Poly(iV-vinylbutyrolactam) Poly( l-vmyl-2-p3rrrolidinone) l-Vinyl-2-p3nrolidinone polymer Poly l-(2-oxo-l-pyrrolinyl)ethylene ... 

Synonyms-. Vinylbutyrolactam vinylpyrrolidinone 1-vinylpyrrolidinone iV-vinyl-pyrrolidinone l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone A-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone vinylpyrrolidone A-vinylpyrrolidone 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone... 

In most publications, particularly in commercial data sheets, the term V-vinyl-pyrrolidone with the abbreviation NVP is used for the monomer and PVP is used for the corresponding polymer therefore, these abbreviations are used here. However, frequently other names are used, such as iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone V-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone l-vinyl-2-pyrrohdone l-vinylpyrrolidin-2-on l-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 2-pyrrohdinone-l-ethenyl. 

---