Isotopes tagging and

Tao WA, Aebersold R (2003) Advances in quantitative proteomics via stable isotope tagging and mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 14 110-118... 

Zhou, H., Ranish, J.A., Watts, J.D., and Aebersold, R. (2002) Quantitative proteome analysis by solid-phase isotope tagging and mass spectrometry. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 512-515. 

Che FY, Biswas R, Fricker LD. Relative quantitation of peptides in wild-type and Cpe(fat/fat) mouse pituitary using stable isotopic tags and mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005 40 227-237. Decaillot FM, Che FY, Fricker LD, Devi LA. Peptidomics of Cpefat/fat mouse hypothalamus and striatum effect of chronic morphine administration. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2006 28 277-284. Naggert JK, Fricker LK, Varlamov O, Nishina PM, Rouille Y, Steiner DF, Carroll RJ, Paigen BJ, Leiter EH. Hyperproinsuli-naemia in obese fat/fat mice associated with a carboxypepti-dase E mutation which reduces enzyme activity. Nat. Genet. 1995 10 135-142. 

M. Adamczyk, J.C. Gebler, J. Wu, Identification of phosphopeptides by chemical modification with an isotopic tag and ion trap MS, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 16(2002)999. 

Zhou, H. Ranish, J.A. Watts, J.D. Aebersold, R. Quantitative proteome analysis by solid-phase isotope tagging and mass spectrometry. Nat. Biotechnol. 2002, 20, 512-515. Qiu, Y. Sousa, E.A. Hewick, R.M. Wang, J.H. Acid-labile isotope-coded extractants a class of reagents for quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of complex protein mixtures. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 4969—4979. 

These diffusion coefficients were first measured by J. Klein through isotopic tagging and detection by infrared spectroscopy later on, they were measured in a more refined way by Hernet, Leger and Rondelez through photochromic tagging... 

In actual experiments, techniques of heavy isotope tags and rapid pulses of radio waves, highly resolved, can generate multidimensional spectra. Correspondingly, theoretical calculations can use a relativistic effect to obtain results for comparison as well as for confirming the model proposed. 

Isotope Tagging and Labeling Techniques for Protein Quantification... 

Generally, methylation of enolate ions with isotopically tagged methyl iodide is a satisfactory labeling procedure. For example, application of this method has given the C-18 labeled steroids, (244) and (245) (see above), 17 -acetoxy-4jS-trideuteriomethyl-4a-methyl-l9-norandrost-5-en-3-one (264) and 19- C-testosterone acetate (268). Methylation of the anion derived from 17jS-acetoxy-4-methyl-l9-norandrost-4-en-3-one (263) with d3-methyl iodide occurs predominantly at C-4, yielding mainly the 4)S-trideuterio-methyl derivative (264) and about 10% of the corresponding C-4 epimer... 

Figure 16.6 The solid phase ICAT reagent provides a thiol-reactive iodoacetyl group to capture cysteine peptides, a spacer containing stable isotopic labels, and a photo-cleavable group that can release the captured peptides for mass spec analysis. The VICAT mass tag is a solution phase labeling agent that also has a photo-cleavable site to release isolated peptides from a (strept)avidin affinity resin. This compound adds a fluorescent group to better detect labeled peptides as they are being isolated from a sample.

Hansen, K.C., Schmitt-Ulms, G., Chalkley, R.J., Hirsch, J., Baldwin, M.A., and Burlingame, A.L. (2003) Mass spectrometric analysis of protein mixtures at low levels using cleavable 13C-isotope-coded affinity tag and multidimensional chromatography. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2, 299-314. 

Zappacosta, F., and Annan, R.S. (2004) N-terminal isotope tagging strategy for quantitative proteomics Results-driven analysis of protein abundance changes. Anal. Chem. 76, 6618-6627. 

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