Isotopes of iodine, in thyroid and urine

Thirty four isotopes of iodine have been found and produced, but only one, is stable. is a long-lived radioisotope of iodine occurring in the nature, but is mainly produced and released by human nuclear activity. The most frequently used radioiodines in biomedicine are and the application of and in biomedicine has increased in recent years. The sources of and the production methods for radioisotopes of iodine, and biomedical application of radioiodine are presented. Concentrations of iodine isotopes, especially in the thyroid and urine are discussed. Analytical methods for the determination of iodine isotope, especially and are reviewed. Finally, the radiation risk of radioiodine to the thyroid, especially the radioisotopes released from nuclear accidents, and 1351, are discussed. 

Except for and other isotopes of iodine occur in the thyroid and urine only for a short time, due to their short half life (<60 days). 8j and are very seldom used for medical purposes except for the use of in the very early period of medical applications of radioisotopes (Becker and Sawin, 1996). and... 

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