Isopropenyl dimethylbenzyl isocyanate

Other high growth aliphatic isocyanates currently in production include isophorone diisocyanate IPDI (4,1) ex. Hiils, hydrogenated MDI HMDI (4.2) ex. Mobay, tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate TMXDI (4,3) and (4.4) ex. American Cyanamid and 3-isopropenyl dimethylbenzyl isocyanate TMI (4.5) ex. American Cyanamid [63a]. The latter two... 

Isopropanolamines, 20 795, 812 2-Isopropanol-water system, evolving separation strategies for, 22 322-325. See also Water- IPA-hexane system Isopropenyl acetate, 7 148 74 596 m-Isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI), 25 463 Isopropenyl methyl ether, production from acetone, 7 163... 

HMDI was originally produced by Du Pont as a coproduct in the manufacture of Qiana fiber. Du Pont subsequently sold the product to Bayer. In the 1990s MDA is hydrogenated by Air Products for Bayer (see Amines, AROMATIC-METHYLENEDIANILINE). Commercial HMDI is a mixture of three stereoisomers. Semicommercial aliphatic diisocyanates include / mf-cyclohexane-l,4-diisocyanate (CHDI) and w-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI). A coproduct in the production of TMXDI is / -isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI), which can be copolymerized with other olefins to give aliphatic polyisocyanates. 

Neumann and coworkers [6] reported the first synthesis and characterization of a novel POSS, possessing eight isocyanate groups (XVIII) (Scheme 5) via the hydrosilylation of m-isopropenyl-Q ,Q -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (m-TMI) (XVII) by octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (Q8M8 ) (XVI). 

Additionally, reactions of isocyanate with amines provide another cross-linking approach to make nanogels. Cross-linked micelles with pH-responsive features were obtained by the addition of excess amounts of 1,8-diaminooctane to micellar aggregates consisting of poly (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-b/oc -poly(methyl methacrylate-co-poly (3-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate)) [PPEGMEMA-b-P(MMA-co-TMI)] (Figure 54.9). 

Among the various methods, grafting of long-chain polymers and small molecules are the most common. Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), phenyl isocyanate, and isopropenyl-a,a -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate were used to modify the surface of CHNCs. The surface modification of CHNCs with these compounds increased the filler-matrix interactions in nanocomposites. ... 

Gopalan Nair et ehemieally modified the chitin whiskers by using different coupling agents, namely phenyl isocyanate (PI), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) and 3-isopropenyl-R, R -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI). These various chemieal treatments on chitin whiskers improve the adhesion between the chemically modified ehitin whiskers and the NR matrix. However, the mechanical performances of these NR composites markedly decrease after chemical modification. This is due to the partial or total destruction of the three-dimensional network of ehitin whiskers, which is assumed for the unmodified composites. 

The principal aliphatic isocyanates used are 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDD (1,6-isocyanatohexane) [822-06-0], bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane (H12MDI) [5124-30-1], and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (3-isocyanato-l-iso-cyanatomethyl)-l,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane [4098-71-9]. Tetramethyl-m-xylidene diisocyanate (TMXDI) [2778-42-9] and m-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl-isocyanate (TMI) (l-(l-isocyanato-l-methylethyl)-3-(l-methylethenyl)benzene [2094-99-7] are specialty products used on a much smaller scale. Diisocyanates are only used as higher molecular weight derivatives in coatings to increase functionality and reduce toxic hazard. 

Karmarkar, A. Aggarwal, R Modak, J. Chanda, M. Grafting of m-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate onto isotactic polypropylene Synthesis and characterization. J. Polym. Mat. 2003, 20, 101-107. 

Figure 11.22 Chemical reactions that occur in the alternative chemical modifications of chitin whiskers with phenyl isocyanate, alkenyl succinic anhydride and 3-isopropenyl-R, Rit-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate [167].

More specifically, the hydroxyl terminated polymer is polystyrene (PS-OH). This latter can be prepared relatively easily following classical anionic polymerization procedures. The isocyanate moiety involved in the polymer chains is 3-isopropenyl-a, a -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI), which is randomly distributed along the chain. If the polymer backbone bearing TMI is identical or miscible with PS-OH, the reactive system is homogeneous. 

Alternatively, polymers containing terminal isocyanate groups can also be prepared by copolymerization of lEM with other vinyl or acrylic monomers. These can then be cured through the isocyanate groups according to the mechanisms discussed earlier. " Development of a new monomer, m-isopropenyl-a,a-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (19 m-TMI) has also been used in a similar... 

---