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Isometric case

For the outline in Scheme 3, two situations can be considered the isometric case where a large load attached to the myosin lever-arm prevents the lever-arm from completing its swing, and the unloaded situation as seen in solution for a single motor domain. [Pg.185]

In the totally isometric case, very few results are available from probes around the nucleotide-binding site, but data available from mechanical experiments that allow some correlation between the release of Pj and the development of force and movement. [Pg.186]

Thus the isometric case starts with the A-M.D.Pj state and the lower 50K cleft bound to actin. Closure of the cleft is fast and results in a distortion of the /(-sheet of the upper 50K domain. This tends to destabilize the P-loop, leading to Pj release, but, if the movement of the lever-arm and converter is not complete, then the whole process is not completed and at mM P concentration P, can rebind, leading to the loss of force and detachment. When the crossbridge is held isometric, all steps in Scheme S are in a quasi-stable dynamic equilibrium. [Pg.186]

For a small a, meaning a slight deviation from an isometric case, Eq. (13) can be approximated as... [Pg.28]

The dynamics and pattern formation during phase separation processes have been a subject of many experimental and theoretical studies over the past decades as a fascinating example of nonlinear, nonequilibrium phenomena [1,2]. If a binary mixture is rapidly quenched from the single-phase region to the spinodal region of the phase diagram by changing thermodynamic variables, such as temperature and pressure, the mixture becomes thermodynamically unstable and separates, via spinodal decomposition (SD), into two phases. If the volume fraction of one of the phases is close to 0.5 ( isometric case ), the phase-separated structure is implied to be periodic and bicontinuous with the aid of theories [50], experiments [51, 52], and computer simulations [53-56]. [Pg.136]

It may be seen from Fig. 2.71 that in most cases where the failure is ductile the isometric curves are approximately parallel to the fracture curve, suggesting that this type of failure is primarily strain dominated. However, the brittle... [Pg.135]

In terms of muscle function, muscle is very adaptable. Depending on the type of stimulation, muscle can either twitch or contract tetanically for a variable length of time. If the ends are held fixed, then it contracts isometrically and the force produced is maximal. If one or both ends of the muscle are not held fixed then the muscle is able to shorten. The muscle can shorten at a fixed load (isotonic contraction) where the velocity of shortening is also constant. Power output (force X velocity) is maximum where the velocity of shortening is about one third of the maximal rate. Finally, the muscle can shorten at maximum velocity (unloaded shortening). However, the molecular basis of the interaction of myosin with actin to produce force, or shortening, is the same in each case. [Pg.205]

Fig. 21. The product D-atom velocity-flux contour map, d Fig. 21. The product D-atom velocity-flux contour map, d <j/dv d(cos0), in a 3D isometric representation. Each contour is constructed directly from a total of 28 slices of the Doppler-selected TOF measurements, as exemplified in Fig. 20. For clarity, a coarse grid size is used here. The zero degree is defined as the initial center-of-mass velocity of the HD beam from which the D-atom product is originated. Note the dominance of the HF(V = 2) co-product for all cases, yet the dramatic variations in angular distributions with a slight change in collision energy ( 0.1 kcal/moll).
Lattices with 3 or 6 Axes. The occurrence of six- and/or threefold axes in actual crystals occasions certain difficulties in classification. So long as we are concerned only with lattices, however, there need to be no ambiguity, if we proceed carefully and rigorously. For that reason we shall take a different (and more fundamental) approach in demonstrating that there are only two distinct lattice types consistent with the presence of three- or sixfold axes that are oriented in one direction only. The latter qualification is necessary to distinguish the present case from that of the isometric lattices where there... [Pg.372]

The transformations = F( ) will be called internal isometric transformations. They transform any NC to a NC with the same set of distances. In many cases they may be expressed as linear inhomogeneous transformations... [Pg.9]

The investigation of the set of distances (dkk (i-) w.r.t. isometric transformations in many cases leads to transformations of the type... [Pg.14]

Considering now the action of primitive period isometric operators on the basis Xk(e, ), we will distinguish between the following cases... [Pg.25]

Again it has been shown that in these cases introduction of a double group corresponds to extension of the isometric group SP ig) to g)25 the latter being a symmetry of the rotation-internal nuclear motion hamiltonian. [Pg.26]

Contractile properties in rodents can be measured either in vitro in a dissected muscle or in vivo in an intact preparation with an anesthetized animal (e.g., (19-20)). Measurements made under isometric conditions are perhaps most common and use the most straightforward setup. The addition of servomotors for dynamic control of muscle length allows simulation of dynamic conditions (eccentric, isotonic, etc.) that may be modified by disease or other processes (22, 23). For in vitro studies, the muscle is anchored by ligating the tendon (origin) to a support, for in vivo studies, the bone (femur) is clamped to prevent movement. The other tendon (insertion) is then coupled to a force transducer. In both cases, a recording electrode is also placed in contact with the muscle to record the compound action potential, and a stimulating electrode is used to stimulate the nerve or the muscle, as described below. [Pg.381]


See other pages where Isometric case is mentioned: [Pg.186]    [Pg.556]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.556]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.159]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.702]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.482]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.325]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.159]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.186 ]




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