Iso-Butyl alcohol

Fit a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask with a dropping funnel and a double surface condenser alternatively, the flask may be provided with a two-way addition tube (Fig. II, 13, 9) and the dropping funnel and condenser inserted into the latter. Place 37 g. (46 ml.) of iso-butyl alcohol (b.p. 106-108°) and 40 g. (41 ml.) of pure pyridine in the flask and 119 g. (73 ml.) of redistilled thionyl chloride in the dropping funnel. Insert a cotton wool or calcium chloride guard tube into the mouth of the funnel. Introduce the thionyl chloride during 3-4 hours a white solid... 

Assuming that Ti(IV) is distributed statistically in all tetrahedral positions, it can be easily seen that even for crystallite sizes of 0,2 m the great majority of T1(IV) is located inside the pore structure. Assuming that every Ti(IV) is a catalytic centre with equal activity, diffusion limitations for molecules of different sizes should be observed. This is in fact the case. It has been shown [27] that the rate of oxidation of primary alcohols decreases regularly as the chain length increases, while for iso-butyl alcohol a sudden drop in the rate is observed. Also the reactivity order of olefins on TS-1 is different from the order observed with homogeneous electrophilic catalysts, while as already indicated very bulky molecules are unreactive when TS-1 is used as the catalyst. All these facts can only be interpreted as due to diffusion limitations of the larger molecules, which means that the catalytic sites are located inside the pore structure of the solid. 

Two grams of an aqueous solution containing 3.2% each n-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol was added to lg high silica/alumina ratio H-ZSM-5 (Si02/Al20, = 1670). Sorption of tert-butyl alcohol appeared negligible, and sorption of the other two isomers was calculated relative to tert-butyl alcohol. 

The high hydrophobicity of ZSM-5 permits the selective sorption of organic compounds dissolved in water. A high (1670 1) silica/alumina ratio ZSM-5 preferentially sorbed n-butyl alcohol (90.7% sorbed) from iso-butyl alcohol (17.3% sorbed) and tert-butyl alcohol ( 0% sorbed), all dissolved in water. 

Propylene and synthesis gas give //-butyl alcohol iso-butyl alcohol is a by-product. 

The conversion level decreases with the amount of catalyst is reduced ( columns 2 and 3) The conversion of iso-butyl alcohol G o. Ill in Table 3) is always less than for the n-butyl alcohol (IV) For secondary alcohols, the conversion falls with an increase in molecular mass. In 11 M solutions of sulphuric acid (column 4) the primary alcohols (IV and V) are oxidised much less effectively than the secondary alcohols (IV-VI). But the largest selectivity is achieved in 11 M trifluoracetic acid (column 5) the primary alcohols are not oxidized at all, while secondary alcohols are oxidized fairly well The satisfactory conversion of allyl alcohol (I) was not achieved in all of the mentioned acidic systems. 

Bellstein Handbook Reference) AI3-01777 Alcool isobutyllque BRN 1730878 CCRIS 2300 EINECS 201-148-0 FEMA Number 2179 Fermentation butyl alcohol HSDB 49 Iso-butyl alcohol Isobutanol Isobutyl alcohol Isobutylalkohol Isopropyloarbinol NSC 5708 RCRA waste number U140 UN1212. Used as a solvent and chemical feedstock. Clear liquid mp = -107,8° bp B 108" d ° = 0.8018 soluble In H = 720 (5 g/100 ml), more soluble in organic solvents LDsO (rat orl) = 2,46 g/kg. BASF Corp. Eastman Cham. Co. Hoechst Celanese Neste UK Shell UK Shell Usines de Melle. 

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