Islamic medicin

Europe. At the same time, historians have tended to depreciate Islamic medicine in terms of original contributions of its own and seen it only as the keeper and defender of a great tradition. In what follows, it will appear that this is not the whole truth. 

In many ways Avicenna (980-1037) can be considered as the Islamic counterpart to Galen in terms of the enormous influence that he came to exercise over innumerable generations of physicians, not only in the Islamic world but also in Europe. He was born near Bokhara in Persia and belonged to an aristocratic family of considerable wealth. His education included all the learning of the time, not only in medicine and the natural sciences but also in philosophy and jurisprudence. Avicenna wrote extensively on a number of subjects, but in what follows we restrict ourselves to his medical writings. His success as a compiler and commentator of Islamic medicine, which mainly meant the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen,... 

It is striking how the history of alchemy runs parallel to that of medicine. Its practitioners were often physicians and when classical medicine took refuge in the Islamic world from the upheavals and cultural decline in Western Europe, which followed on the fall of the Roman Empire, it was accompanied by alchemy. For many centuries, both medicine and alchemy survived and flourished in the Islamic countries and several of the leading names in Islamic medicine were also alchemists, the best known being Rhazes and Avicenna. It is worth noting that these medical paragons seem to have been more interested in the supposed ability of the philosopher s stone to cure disease, than in its use to transmute base metals into gold. When medicine eventually returned to Western Europe from the Arab Empire, alchemy followed in its footsteps. 

In medidne, Paracelsus condenmed the orthodox system this made extensive use of herbal remedies, and was based upon the writings of Galen (second century a.d.) and Avicenna, or Ibn Sina (a.d. 980-1037), the brightest star of Islamic medicine. Considering e state of the human organism from a chemical point of view as a... 

Psyllium use has also been found in Ayurvedic medicine (Hindu) and Unani (Islamic) medicine prescription more than a tfaousa year ago for the treatment of digestive tract problems (6,8). 

Science and Civilization in Islam is the first one-volume work in English to deal with every branch of Islamic science and to approach it not from the Western viewpoint but as it is understood by the Muslims them selves. introduction surveys the religious, metaphysical, and philosophic conscepts of Islam. chapter cover the entire scientific spectrum from cosmography, mathematics, and medicine to alchemy and theology as well as how these fields interact with related schools of thought"... 

Z0263 Siddiqui, N. A., and M. Z. Hasan. Therapeutic response of Arab medicines in cases of Laquwa. Bull Islamic... 

The Greek writers make numerous references to opium with some evidence that they used species other than P. somniferum. Hippocrates, considered by some to be the father of medicine, rejected the supernatural attributes of opium but acknowledges opium s usefulness as a narcotic, especially in the treatment of certain diseases. It has been claimed that Alexander the Great took opium to Persia and India in 330 BC. The Romans continued the use of opium in medical applications and there is little evidence that addiction was a problem in these ancient cultures. After the rise of Islam, the use of opium in medicine was further developed and documented. At some stage, the Arab spice traders took opium to the Far East and some credited them with introducing it to China. By the middle ages, the drinking of opium mbctures for recreational use is recorded in Persia and India. 

Along with pulse feeling, uroscopy (the examination of the patients urine) was the major means of medical diagnosis in late ancient, medieval, and early modem medicine. Color, smell, taste, and precipitate in fresh urine were supposed to reveal to the learned physician the specific disease and temperament of his patient. Briefly mentioned in the Hippocratic Corpus and extensively dealt with by Galen, the doctrine of uroscopy later became part of the medical core curricula of the newly established Christian universities in Western Europe. This shift of uroscopy into the core curricula of Christian universities was facilitated by the translation of Islamic medical texts from Arabic into Latin and the establishment of the school of Salerno, the first medical school in Europe. 

Harran was also the home of a school of translators who specialized in Greek mathematics and astronomy. This was a privileged sect under the well-known teacher Thabit ibn Qurra, a Sabian Syriacspeaking translator and scholar working in Baghdad who became one of the great names in the history of Islamic science, especially in mathematics, astronomy and medicine. 

Shamsuzzoha, M., M.S. Rahman, M.M. Ahmed, and A.K. Islam. 1978. Antifertility effect in mice of medicinal plant of family Acanthaceae. Lancet 312(8095) 900. 

Islam, S. A., Luster, A. D. (2012). T cell homing to epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Nature Medicine, 1S(5), 705—715. 

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