Ischemic preconditioning delayed

Protein kinase signal transduction pathways have been extensively studied and characterized in the myocardium. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) and the role of individual kinases involved is where much of the research efforts have been focused. IP is the reduction in susceptibility to myocardial infarction that follows brief periods of sublefhal ischemia (Murry et al, 1986). This reduction can manifest itself as a 4-fold reduction in infarct size, this being secondary to a delay in the onset and rate of cell necrosis during the subsequent lethal ischemia (Marber et al., 1994). 

In 1986 Murry, Jennings and Reimer made the observation that brief episodes of ischemia and reperfiision have the ability to adapt the heart to a subsequent prolonged episode of ischemia followed by reperfusion and this phenomenon is known as ischemic preconditioning.192 This form of adaptation consists of an early transient phase lasting hours (classic or early preconditioning) and a late phase, lasting 1 to 3 days (delayed... 

Brief episodes of ischemia/reperfusion delay the development of irreversible tissue damage induced by a subsequent more prolonged ischemic period.74 Apart from the delay in infarct development, ischemic preconditioning also reduces the extent of apoptosis.75 77 The signal transduction cascade of ischemic preconditioning has been discussed in detail elsewhere.71,78... 

S.K. Jain, R.B. Schuessler, J.E. Saffitz, Mechanisms of delayed electrical uncoupling induced by ischemic preconditioning, Circ Res 92, 1138-1144 (2003). 

Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 1986 74 1124-1136... 

Chen, K. Zhang, J. Ye, C. [Metallothionein involvement in the delayed protection after ischemic or anoxic preconditioning in myocardium or cultured cardiomyocytes]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 77 106-110 1997. 

Muller, E. C., B. Thiede, U. Zimny-Amdt, C. Scheler, J. Prehm, U. Muller-Werdan, B. Wittmann-Liebold, A. Otto, and P. Jungblut. 1996, High-performance human myocardial two-dimensional electrophoresis database edition 1996. Electrophoresis 17 1700-1712. Murry, C. E., R. B. Jennings, and K. A. Reimer. 1986, Preconditioning with ischemia a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74 1124-1136. 

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