Irrigation failure

The failure in employing PAAm hydrogel (free swelling 1250 ml g 1) in the sandy soil of the Kara Kum desert is due to the same reasons [132] swelling in rainwater and in saline water from the Large Kara Kum canal used for irrigation purposes was equal to 680 and 255 mlg-1 in the free state and respectively 112 and 76 ml g 1 in the sand. This situation proved to be unacceptable for any SAH application. 

Both vasoconstrictors and vasodilators have been used in the treatment of priapism. Vasoconstrictors are thought to work by forcing blood out of the cavernosum and into the venous return. Aspiration of the penile blood followed by intracavenous irrigation with epinephrine (1 1,000,000 solution) has been effective with minimal complications.37 In severe cases, surgical intervention to place penile shunts has been used, but there is a high failure rate, and the risk of complications, from skin sloughing to fistulas, limits its use. 

Campistol JM, Abad C, Nogue S, Bertran A. Acute renal failure in a patient treated by continuous povidone-iodine mediastinal irrigation. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1988 29(4) 410-2. 

Manfro RC, Comerlato L, Berdichevski RH, Ribeiro AR, Denicol NT, Berger M, Saitovitch D, Kott WJ, Goncalves LF. Nephrotoxic acute renal failure in a renal transplant patient with recurrent lymphocoele treated with povidone-iodine irrigation. Am J Kidney Dis 2002 40 655-7. 

Ryan M, Al-Sammak Z, Phelan D. Povidone-iodine mediastinal irrigation a case of acute renal failure. J Cardiothorac Vase Anesth 1999 13 729-31. 

Swanson-Biearman, B., Dean, B.S., Krenzelok, E.P. (1992). Failure of whole bowel irrigation to decontaminate the GI tract following massive jequirity bean ingestion [abst.]. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 34 352-7. 

Swanson-Biearman B, Dean BS and Krenzelok EP (1992). Failure of whole bowel irrigation to... 

Report 14 of Progress of stream measurements. US Government Printing Washington. Ross, D.W. (1914). Failure of irrigation and land settlement policies of the Western States. ... 

Finally, I decided to combine ischemia with an attack on the barrier by including bile salts in the irrigation fluid. A few experiments gave equivocal results. I should have done more and better experiments, but by that time Barr had left, and I was tired of the project. I wrote up the results and submitted them for publication under the title Failure of Ischemia to Break the Dog s Gastric Mucosal Barrier. 

Figure 8-10. Aminopyrine clearances, net fluxes of and Na" in a dog s Heiden-hein pouch irrigated with 100 mN HCI, and simultaneous volume secretion by the pouch. At the left, the lines represent the mean results in three experiments done on different days when the pouch was stimulated by continuous intravenous infusion of a mixture of pentagastrin and bethanechol. The lines in the middle represent the results obtained in an experiment in which norepinephrine was infused without pentagastrin and bethanechol. The lines on the right represent the results of an experiment in which pentagastrin, bethanechol, and norepinephrine were infused together. (From Davenport HW, Barr LL. Failure of ischemia to break the dog s gastric mucosal barrier. Gastroenterology 65 6 9-624, 1973.)...

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