Irradiation bologna

Figure 7-. Chromatogram of volatile compounds in non irradiated (top) and 3 kGy-irradiated (bottom) commercial RTE turkey bologna. VSCs in the diced turkey bologna were measured using solid phase microextraction and GC pulsedflamed photometric detector. The volatile compounds are 1= hydrogen sulfide, 2=carbon disulfide, 3-methanethiol, 4=dimethyl sulfide, S dimethyl disulfide, 6-dimethyl trisulfide.

Diced turkey bologna was either not-treated (none) or treated at 95 C for 10 min, microwaved for 10 sec or gamma irradiated at 2 kGy. Volatile compounds were measured the day after the treatments, and expressed as square root of peak area count. MT=methanethiol. DMS=dimethyl sulfide, DMDS=dimethyl disulfide, EMS=ethyl methyl sulfide, DMTS=dimethyI disulfide. The numbers are means of five replicates... 

Vegetable oil (none) or antioxidants in vegetable oil were added as ingredients in the raw meat emulsions for bologna manufacture. The antioxidants tested were 500 ppm sodium erythorbate (eiythorbate), 200 ppm sodium nitrite (nitrite), and 0.075% rosemary extract (rosemary). The emulsions were cased, cooked, and irradiated at 3 kGy. Volatile compounds measured die next day, and expressol as square root of peak ar count. The numbers were means of four replicates. Adopted from ref (26). 

Ramiere, R., Tassigny, C. D. (1976). Mdthode de conservation des calcaires par impregnation-irradiation gamma. In R. Rossi-Manaresi (Ed.), The conservation of stone 1, international symposium, Bologna, June 19-21, 1975 Proceedings (pp. 499-509). Centro per la conservazione delle sculture alTaperto. 

The first recorded example of the ,Z-isomerization of a CN double bond was that of oximes by Hantzsch in Zurich, who reported in 1890 that ,Z-isomerization took place when the tolylphenyl ketone oxime or a-anisylphenyl ketone oxime was irradiated. Subsequent to this study, Ciamician and Silber at Bologna reported that when E-o- and p-nitrobenzaldehyde oximes, as suspensions in benzene, were exposed to sunlight, they were converted to the corresponding Z-nitrobenzaldehyde oximes. This report was confirmed and extended to O-methyloximes by Brady and Dunn in London (Scheme 1). Stoermer also found a similar photochemical ,Z-photoisomerization with certain ketoximes." ... 

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