Iotroxate

Fig. 7. Comparison of the two different types of extracellular and biliary contrast agents. One monomeric and one dimeric example are illustrated from each type, lopromide and iotrolan (extracellular type) are extremely hydrophilic whereas iopodinic acid and iotroxic acid (biliary type) are both ionic and very lipophilic... 

There have been several reports of hepatotoxicity of iodipamide, variously characterized by epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, pyrexia, and tenderness over the liver, with abnormal liver function tests. Biopsy has shown centrilobular necrosis (154). The incidence of abnormal liver function tests may be as high as 18% after a dose of 40 ml, and the quantity given should be as small as possible. Prior administration of glucocorticoids or sulfonylureas impairs hepatic excretion of ioglycamide. Both iodoxamate and iotroxate can affect liver function tests in a small series of cases, the degree of intrahepatic cholestasis appeared to be relatively more marked after iodoxamate than after iotroxate (SED-12, 1168) (155). 

Dohmen JP, Lemmens JA, Lamers JJ. A double-blind comparison of meglumine iotroxate (Biliscopin) and meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue). Diagn Imaging 1981 50(6) 305-8. 

Cholangiographyagents are mostly dimers of triiodobenzoates, such as iodipamide, iogly-camide, iodoxamate, iotroxate, and iosul-amide, with high water solubility and high biliary excretion (862). losulamide with a fully substituted triiodophenyl ring was found experimentally to cause less severe reaction and more rapid opacification than iodipamide (323). 

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