Iontophoresis current type

For current densities at or above 0.2mA/cm, the sensation associated with transdermal iontophoresis is determined by the type of ion being delivered into the skin. When human subjects compared the sensation experienced during iontophoresis of different salt solutions applied to the right and left forearms, delivery of calcium caused less sensation than delivery of phosphate, magnesium, and zinc, which caused less sensation than delivery of chloride, acetate, citrate, and sulfate, which in turn caused less sensation than delivery of lithium, potassium, and sodium. In general, multivalent ions were found to cause less sensation than monovalent ions. ... 

The skin permeation of ACV (Zovirax cream) applied as a finite dose was promoted to a greater extent as the duration of brush treatment was extended (Fig. 5.2). A significant increase in ACV transport was observed following brush treatment (p < 0.05). The use of iontophoresis proved generally less effective than employing the rotating brush in enhancing permeation. For example the effect of 10-min anodal iontophoresis on the skin permeation of ACV proved to be comparable to that obtained after application of brush treatment at SOON m" for 10s (Table 5.2). The iontophoretic method in this study employed optimum conditions (electrode type, anode pFl of buffer, 7.4 current intensity. 

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