Ionizing radiation luminescent detector

Instruments for measuring ionized radiation typically include a sensing device and a readout device. Some are usefiil for field measurement whereas other combinations come in small packages useful for dosimetry. Sensors are very critical. Different types of radiation require different types of sensors. Sensors include Geiger-MueUer tubes (used in Geiger counters), ionization chambers, luminescent detectors, scintillation detectors, and photographic emulsions. 

Fluoride crystals are also well suited for fast detectors for high-energy radiation. Scintillators based on the Ce3+ emission have been particularly investigated. The discovery of the very fast cross-luminescence of BaF2 has led to the investigation of the luminescence of fluorides containing K, Rb, Cs and Ba under excitation by ionizing radiation. 

OSL could also be used for container verification. Luminescent phosphor additives, ionized by radiation, are mixed with paints or clear coats and are applied to the surface of a container (Miller et al. 2009). The OSL phosphors luminesce in proportion to the ionization radiation dose and the intensity of excitation light. The OSL coatings/additives will be invisible to the naked eye, but could be seen using an InGaAs infrared detector. The OSL additives would tag the container and reveal an attempt to tamper with the container and therefore increase the confidence that its integrity had not been compromised. 

Low oxygen coneentrations (2.10 -5.10 M) are evaluated by BL. BL of photobacteria are proportional to the oxygen eoncentration. Luminescent bacteria can be used in the laboratory for the test of different toxic substances. BL can be applied for environment contamination assays e.g. bioluminescent plankton ( bio-indicators ) are used for detection of heavy metal pollution. CL can also monitor dust, cigarette smoke, smog, ionizing- and UV-radiation [42, 43, 44, 45]. BL detectors are very useful for air tests in, for example, coal mining. 

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