Radiation ionizing, definition

Dose In the context of chemicals, the temi dose means the amount, quantity, or portion of the chemical exposed to or applied to the target (e.g., a human being). It may also refer to a consistent measure used in toxicological testing to determine acute and chronic toxicities. An alternate definition is die amount of ionizing radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material at a specific location, such as a part of die human body, measured in REMS, or an inanimate body, measured in rads. 

Although the use of ionizing radiation has contributed to a definite picture of certain chemisorptions and catalyses, in other cases it has run into difficulties that have not yet been resolved. With several oxides, for example, water or some other poison is required for radiation sensitivity, and the role of the poison has not been clarified. Because this behavior seems to be fairly widespread, it is important to understand it more fully, and considerable attention could well be given to irradiation of such oxides in a high state of purity and with varying degrees of surface coverage. 

In this section, we shall briefly review the various types of ionizing radiation and the way to generate them. The principle of dosimetry and the more important definitions of yield and of exposure and absorbed dose will be given. 

According to the classic definition, ionizing radiation (Figure 1.1) is a flux of subatomic particles (e.g., photons, electrons, positrons, protons, and nuclei) that cause ionization of atoms of the medium through which the particles pass. The radiation is isotropic leaving the atom, it cannot go... 

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