Ionization energy, 41 Table

Additional PE spectroscopic publications in 1988-2000 found in the literature search will be listed compound-wise with their first vertical ionization energies (Table 6). 

This may be compared with the experimental values of the total energy, which are obtained by adding the first and the second ionization energies. Table 23-1 contains, for He, Li+, Be++, B3+, and Ci+, the experimental energy Wtip., the unperturbed energy W°, the total energy calculated by first-order perturbation theory W° + W, the difference A° = Wexp. — IT0, the difference A = Wexp. — W° — W, and finally the ratio — A /A0. 

The standard reduction potentials for the M /M couples (Table 13.1) show that Al (aq) is much less readily reduced in aqueous solution than are the later ions. This can be attributed, in part, to the more negative Gibbs energy of hydration of the smaller Al ion. However, an important contributing factor (scheme 13.71) in differentiating between the values of for the Al /Al and Ga /Ga couples is the significant increase in the sum of the first three ionization energies (Table 13.1). 

Consider now the variations in °(M +/M +) across the row. The enthalpy of atomization is no longer relevant and we are concerned only with trends in the third ionization energy (Table 21.15) and the hydration energies of M and Experimental values for °(M +/M )... 

For any given element, the second and third ionization energies are always larger than the first ionization energy. Table 5.7 lists the first several ionization energies for the more common elements. 

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