Ionic rejection chemistry

Chemistry of Ionic Rejection Multivalent ions can be rejected better than univalent ions. Wiesner and Aptel (1996) have reported that the rejection of ionic solutes by RO membranes have been observed to an approximation to follow the lyotrophic series (increasing rejection with increasing hydrated radius). This is also consistent with being... 

We are forced to reflect that the failure of so many attempts to improve on the DH theory can be attributed to a premature rejection of the DH approach, and a tendency to include extra parameters without proper theoretical foundation. It is surprising that although ionic polarization is emphasized in studies of solvation (36), molten salts (37), and chemistry in general (38), the phenomenon has received little attention in interionic theory. In particular, our attention is drawn to the early work of Fajans and co-workers (39), who first noted the effects of concentration on the ionic molar refractivities of solutions, which were interpreted in terms of a distorting effect on the ions. For various reasons the significance of this work has not been appreciated in the field of electrochemistry. 

Lewis s interest in chemical bonding and structure dated from 1902. In attempting to explain "valence to a class at Harvard, he devised an atomic model to rationalize the octet rule. His model was deficient in many respects for one thing, Lewis visualized cubic atoms with electrons located at the corners. Perhaps this explains why his ideas of atomic structure were not published until 1916. In that year, Lewis conceived of the electron-pair bond, perhaps his greatest single contribution to chemistry. At that time, it was widely believed that all bonds were ionic Lewis s ideas were rejected by many well-known organic chemists. 

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