Ionic liquid coated lipase

Ram Singh R, Mukul Sharma M, Mamgain R, Rawat DS (2008) Ionic liquids a versatile medium for palladium-catalyzed reactions. J Braz Chem Soc 19(3) 357-379 Abe Y, Yoshiyama K, Yagi Y, Hayase S, Kawatsura M, Itoh T (2010) A rational design of phosphonium salt type ionic liquids for ionic liquid coated-lipase catalyzed reaction. Green Chem 12 1976-1980... 

Kim and Lee disclosed an ionic liquid-coated enzyme that remarkably improves enzyme functions, such as enantioselectivity and stability, when the enzyme, which may be lipase, is coated with an ionic liquid. Further, even in the case where the ionic liquid-coated enzyme is reused, the... 

Mutschler J, Rausis T, Bourgeois J-M et ai (2009) Ionic liquid-coated immobilized lipase for the synthesis of methylglucose fatty acid esters. Green Chem 11 1793-1800... 

Candida antarctica lipase (10 wt% ionic liquid coated) MW = 182,100, using SEM, FT-IR, GPC and MALDI-TOE Reaction time 6 b [55]... 

The continuous reaction system could be combined with solid acid-catalyzed in situ racemization of the slow-reacting alcohol enantiomer [149]. The racemiza-tion catalyst and the lipase (Novozym 435) were coated with ionic liquid and kept physically separate in the reaction vessel. Another variation on this theme, which has yet to be used in combination with biocatalysis, involves the use of scC02 as an anti-solvent in a pressure-dependent miscibility switch [150]. 

New reactor designs and immobilisation methods have been used to extend the lifetime of lipases in scCC>2 (Lozano et al., 2004). Ceramic membranes have been coated with hydrophilic polymers and the enzyme covalently attached to these. In SCCO2, activities and selectivities were excellent and the half-life of the catalyst was enhanced. It is thought the hydrophilic layer of the membrane protected the enzyme. Operational stability of enzymes has also been increased by using ionic liquid/scC02 biphasic systems (Lozano et al., 2002 Reetz et al., 2003). 

Mori T, Kobayashi A, Okahata Y (1998) Biocatalytic esterification in supercritical carbon dioxide using a Upid-coated lipase. Chem Lett 9 921-922 Mori M, Gomez Garcia R, BeUeviUe MP (2005) A new way to conduct enzymatic synthesis in an active membrane using ionic liquids as catalyst support. Catal Today 104 313-317 Morley KL, Kazlauskas RJ (2005) Improving enzyme properties when are closer mutations better TIBTECH 23(5) 231-237... 

Enzymatic ROP of other cyclic monomers, l,4-dioxan-2-one, [56-58], 3(S)-isopropylmorpholine-2,5-dione and its derivatives have been studied [59, 60]. Out of 12 enzymes (7 lipases, 2 esterases and 3 proteases) studied, immobilised lipase from C. antarctica gave the best results. In a recent study [58], the activity of CALB was improved by coating with an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophoshphate, which protected the bound water layer surrounding the lipase. Poly(l,4-dioxan-2-one) (PPDO) with a MW of 182,100 g/mol was obtained via this method. The thermodynamics and kinetics of CALB [57] showed that the polymerisation of l,4-dioxan-2-one reached equilibrium after 12 h at 60 C in the presence of 5wt% lipase, and the ROP kinetics of PPDO was of the first order with regards to the monomer concentration. 

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