Ionic Effects on the Viscosity

3 Ionic Effects on the Viscosity Ions affect the dynamic viscosity, rj, of aqueous solutions some electrolytes enhance it (e.g., lithium acetate), whereas others diminish it (e.g., cesium iodide) as demonstrated by Marcus [121]. Up to fairly concentrated solutions, this effect is described by the Jones-Dole expression [122]  

The coefficients of the square root of the concentration term, A, can be calculated theoretically from the conductivities according to Falkenhagen [123] bnt the B 

TABLE 2.11 Ionic Transport and Dynamic Properties in Aqneons Solntions Limiting Molar Condnctivities, Aj [90], Limiting Diffnsion Coefficients, Dj [91], Viscosity B-coefficients, [92], and NMR Valnes [93] at 25°C 

The fluidity of a liquid, its rate of flow under a pressure gradient, is the reciprocal of its viscosity. The dynamic viscosity of water, jjw, although rather small compared with that of other liquids, is caused by the extensive network of hydrogen bonds existing in it that must be partly broken for the water to flow (Jenkins and Marcus 1995 Marcus 2009a). Ions affect the dynamic viscosity of the solution, n], some electrolytes enhancing it whereas others diminishing it. The effect is described up to fairly concentrated solutions by the Jones-Dole expression (Jones and Dole 1929)  

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