Ionians

Sin ce th e n uclear-n iiclear repulsion is constant for a fixed conlig-11 ration of atom s, this term also drops on t. The Ilam il Ionian is now purely electronic. 

Quin LD, Ionian AS, Kalgutkar R, Keglevich G (1996) Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon 109-110 433... 

Cephalonia (Ionian Island, Greece) from the ground preparation and ... 

E. Kouloumpi, P. Vandenabeele, G. Lawson, V. Pavlidis, L. Moens, Analysis of Post Byzantine Icons from the Church of the Assumption in Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece a Multi Method Approach, Analytica ChimicaActa, 598(1), 169 179 (2007). 

The theories of the Ionian philosophers are not of the nature of scientific theories in the modern sense, for they were not intended as hypotheses to be tested by observation or experiment. They belong to the domain of speculation rather metaphysical than physical, but, let it be noted, very reasonable speculations such as the human mind must content itself with until more specific knowledge admits of scientific deduction. They were attempts to harmonize the evidence of the senses with the demands of human reason, without assuming the arbitrary acts of gods or devils as the causes of phenomena. In other words, they were attempts to account for the visible universe by process of natural law, rather than by supernatural agencies. 

Empedocles of Agrigentum in Sicily (ca 490-430) is credited with the first announcement of the concept of the four elements, earth, air, water and fire, as by their combinations forming all other substances in the universe. Empedocles, like the Ionian thinkers, assumes that matter is eternal and indestructible, but abandons the idea of the unity of matter—the materia prima—he assumes for the elements the attributes of immortality and therefore that each of the four is through all changes unchangeable in quantity. All other substances may perish, but they are merely resolved into their constituent elements. The different properties of all substances which we perceive by our senses are dependent on the different proportions in which these elements are combined. As to the causes which produce these combinations and separations, Empedocles assumes specific attractions or repulsions which he typifies as love and hate. It does not appear that he considers these forces as intrinsic properties of the elements, but rather as eternal forces acting upon them. 

The mafic magmas from Emici and Roccamonfina volcanoes display variable abundances and ratios of incompatible elements as well as very distinct isotopic signatures. These were probably generated in a vertically zoned heterogeneous mantle source which was modified by two temporally and compositionally distinct metasomatic events. These episodes of mantle metasomatism may be related to subduction of the Adriatic plate beneath central Italy, followed by the arrival of new subduction-related material from the Ionian plate. 

Whatever model is assumed for the mantle source of Aeolian magmas, Sr-Nd-Pb-He isotope variations call for the involvement of upper crustal components in magma genesis. It can be calculated that less than 10% of upper crust added to a pyrolite mantle could explain the entire range of radiogenic isotopic compositions encountered in the Aeolian mafic rocks. Sediments transported by the Ionian subducting plate represent the most likely candidates for such a mantle source contaminant (e.g. Ellam et al. 1988 Francalanci et al. 1993b). 

The Sicily volcanoes are located in a variety of structural settings and on different types of bedrocks. Mount Etna (about 0.6 Ma to present) occurs on the accretionary prism of the Africa-Europe subducting system, at the contact between the Ionian lithosphere, the northern margin of the African plate (Pelagian Block, a promontory of the African foreland) and the corrugated Sicilian-Maghrebian chain (Fig. 8.1 Behncke 2001). 

Four main evolution stages have been distinguished for Mount Etna activity (Gillot et al. 1994 Branca et al. 2004). The first stage (580 to 225 ka) was characterised by emplacement of tholeiitic basalts, which were erupted over a wide area from the Iblean Plateau in the south to the Pelori-tani mountains in the north, and presently crop out as pillow-lavas, hyalo-clastites and sills along the Ionian Sea coast north of Catania, between... 

Catalano R, Doglioni C, Merlini S (2001) On the Mesozoic Ionian basin. Geophys JInt 144 49-64... 

Calace, N., S. Ciardullo, B.M. Petronio, et al. 2005. Influence of chemical parameters (heavy metals, organic matter, sulphur and nitrogen) on toxicity of sediments from the Mar Piccolo (Taranto, Ionian Sea, Italy). Microchem. J. 79 243-248. 

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