Invertebrates chemicals

Pavia H, Cervin G, Lindgren A, Aberg P (1997) Effects of UV-B radiation and simulated herbivory on phlorotannins in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 157 139-146 Pawlik JR (1993) Marine invertebrate chemical defenses. Chem Rev 93 1911-1922 Pettit GR, Kamano Y, Herald CL, Tuinman AA, Boettner FE, Kizu H, Schmidt JM, Baczynskyj L, Tomer KB, Bontems RJ (1987) The isolation and structure of a remarkable marine animal antineoplastic constituent dolastatin 10. J Am Chem Soc 109 6883-6885 Pfander H, Stoll H (1991) Terpenoid glycosides. Nat Prod Rep 8 69-95... 

Cronin G (2001) Resource allocation in seaweeds and marine invertebrates chemical defense patterns in relation to defense theories. In McClintock JB, Baker BJ (eds) Marine chemical ecology. CRC, London, pp 325-353... 

Pawlik, J. R. (1993). Marine invertebrate chemical defenses. Chemical Reviews 93,1911-1922. 

Pawlik JR (1993) Marine Invertebrate Chemical Defenses. Chem Rev 93 1911... 

The model applies equilibrium partitioning to estimate chemical concentrations in phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates. Chemical concentrations in sediment and water, along with environmental and trophodynamic information, are used to quantify chemical concentrations in all aquatic biota. This model can be applied to many aquatic food webs and relies on a relatively small set of input parameters which are readily accessible. 

Cronin, G., Resource Allocation in Seaweeds and Marine Invertebrates Chemical Defense Patterns in Relation to Defense Theories, in Marine Chemical Ecology, McClintock, J.B. and Baker, B.J., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001, chapt. 9. 

Because fishes in the laboratory can be isolated and closely observed, observations of whether they accept or reject a bite of treatment versus control food can be made much more reliably than in the field. Assays of invertebrate chemical defenses have commonly incorporated natural concentrations of secondary metabolites into small bite-sized food pellets that co-occurring predatory fishes had been trained to consume from a pipette. This procedure maximizes fish encounters with the food and thus rapidly allows for a determination of how a metabolite affects feeding once a fish has taken the potential prey into its mouth. 

Pawlik, J.R. (1993) Marine invertebrates chemical defenses. Chem. Rev., 93, 1911-1922. 

---