Miniemulsion polymerization inverse

Fig. 11. Hydrophilic polyacrylamide particles obtained in inverse miniemulsion polymerization in IsoparM...

Luo YD, Dai C A, Chiu WY (2008) Synthesis of P(AA-S A)/ZnO composite latex particles via inverse miniemulsion polymerization and its application in pH regulation and UV shielding. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46 8081-8090... 

Xu ZZ, Wang CC, Yang WL, et al. (2004) Encapsulation of nanosized magnetic iron oxide by polyacrylamide via inverse miniemulsion polymerization. J Magn Magn Mater 277 136-143... 

Qi and coworkers reported the first study combining RAFT and inverse miniemulsion. Their inverse miniemulsion system comprised cyclohexane as the continuous phase, B246SF as the surfactant, and aqneous solution containing a CTA, acrylamide, and costabilizer MgS04. They found that using a water-soluble initiator, 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), afforded better eontrol of the polymerization of acrylamide than using a lipophilic one, 2,2 -azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN). RAFT control was realized up to 50% monomer conversion and after that significant deviation from RAFT control was observed. More recently, they have extended their RAFT inverse miniemulsion polymerization approach to other hydrophilic (co)polymers. ... 

FIGURE 54.28 Suggested mechanisms of RAFT interfacial inverse miniemulsion polymerization and free-radical inverse miniemulsion polymerization with NIPAM as the monomer as illustrated in Part (a) and (b), respectively. (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecules, 43(1), Lu, F.J., Luo, Y.W., Li, B.G., Zhao, Q., and Schork, F.J., Synthesis of thermo-sensitive nanocapsules via inverse miniemulsion polymerization using a PEO-RAFT agent, 568. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.)... 

Qi, G. Eleazer, B. Jones, C.W. Schork, F.J. Mechanistic aspects of sterically stabilized controlled radical inverse miniemulsion polymerization. Macromolecules 2009, 42 (12), 3906-3916. 

Ouyang, L. Wang, L.S. Schork, F.J. RAFT inverse miniemulsion polymerization of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate. Macromol. React. Eng. 2011, 5 (3-4), 163-169. 

Anionic polymerization of alkylcyanoacrylates (ACA) can also be performed at the interface between aqueous and organic phases. This reaction is suitable for the encapsulation of aqueous [76] as well as organic droplets [77]. Taking advantage of the fact that the polymerization is initiated by nucleophiles such as water, Musyanovych et al. [76] could form a shell of PBCA around droplets of an aqueous solution of DNA (790 base pairs). The droplets are generated by miniemulsification of the aqueous DNA solution in an inert continuous phase, which is miscible with the monomer BCA but is a nonsolvent for the polymer. As soon as the BCA is added to the inverse miniemulsion, polymerization is initiated at the droplet interface. Because the polymer is insoluble in the continuous phase and in the droplet phase, a shell around the droplets is formed. After completion of the polymerization, the... 

Thermoresponsive P(NIPAM-co-MAA) could be obtained using PAA-coated magnetite nanoparticles in an inverse miniemulsion polymerization process [158]. The superparamagnetic particles could change their size from 250 nm to 100 nm by changing the temperature from 20 to 70°C. 

Medeiros SF, Santos AM, Eessi H, Elaissari A. ThermaUy-sensitive and magnetic poly(V-vinylcaprolactam)-based nanogels by inverse miniemulsion polymerization. Colloid Sci. 2012 2. 

Capek I. On inverse miniemulsion polymerization of conventional water-soluble monomers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010 156 35-61. 

In a similar manner to the emulsion systems it is possible to perform reverse or inverse miniemulsion polymerizations (Figure 17.12) to afford lipophobic latex particles with a central... 

The anionic polymerization in aqueous dispersed systems concerns mainly the alkyl cyanoacrylate monomers, which can polymerize spontaneously at a very fast rate in the presence of water. (Nano)partides and nanocapsules were synthesized by emulsion, miniemulsion, or inverse miniemulsion polymerization processes. They mainly find applications in the biomedical domains and received for that reason a huge interest which makes it impossible to be exhaustive in this chapter. 

Fig. 2 TEM images of the latex obtained after (a) RAET interfacial inverse miniemulsion polymerization of NIP AM and (b) free radical inverse miniemulsion polymerization of NIP AM. Reproduced from [44] with permission from the American Chemical Society...

Lu F, Luo Y, Li B, Zhao Q, Schork FJ (2010) Synthesis of thermo-sensitive nanocapsules via inverse miniemulsion polymerization using a PEG—RAFT agent. Macromolecules 43 568-571... 

Many synthesis methods for nanopartides of these materials and thdr surface functionalization have been devdoped. Nanocomposites based on polyolefins were prepared by mdt compounding with nanoscaled ZnO and 1102. Amphiphilic copolymers and surfadants were used to stabilize pattides for film casting in polystyrene, " polycarbonate, and PMMA. By in situ partide preparation in MeOH and subsequent mixing with acetone and PMMA for solvent evaporation transparent ZnO/PMMA films could be realized even without further surface modification. Poly(acrylic add-co-sodium aaylate)/ZnO composite latex partides were obtained via inverse miniemulsion polymerization. ... 

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