Invention outside paradigm

A design concept is developed as a combination of a known concept from the problem domain and a new concept coming from a new technology outside the problem domain. For example, the known concept of disc brakes from the problem domain is combined with a new concept for high-strength ceramic materials just developed in the area of ceramic engineering, that is, outside the problem domain. Thus, a concept for ceramic disc brakes is developed. 

Altshuller s studies of thousands of patents representing various engineering systems led him to the discovery of a general description of an engineering system. 

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Professor Tamaru, prominent among catalytic chemists even as a babe-in-arms (photo page 5), tells something of the formidable minds and institutions which drove the research forward in a style now classic and probably unparalleled outside the German chemical industry. This paradigm of major invention possessed a... 

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