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Introduction to the mechanical properties of polymers

It must be recognised from the beginning that the mechanical properties of polymers are highly dependent on temperature and on the time-scale of any deformation polymers are viscoelastic and exhibit some of the properties of both viscous liquids and elastic solids. This is a result of various relaxation processes, as described in sections 5.7.2 and 5.7.3, and examples of these processes are given in sections 5.7.4 and 5.7.5. [Pg.162]

Various possible load-extension curves for polymers are shown schematically in fig. 6.2. The whole range of behaviour shown in fig. 6.2 can be displayed by a single polymer, depending on the temperature and the strain-rate, i.e. how fast the deformation is performed, and whether tensile or compressive stress is used. These curves are discussed further in sections 8.1, 8.2 and 10.2.2. [Pg.162]

In order to discuss the mechanical behaviour in a quantitative way, it is necessary to derive expressions that relate stress and strain. An ideal elastic [Pg.162]

There are five important ways in which the mechanical behaviour of a polymer may deviate from this ideal. The polymer may exhibit  [Pg.163]

These are essentially independent effects a polymer may exhibit all or any of them and they will all be temperature-dependent. Section 6.2 is concerned with the small-strain elasticity of polymers on time-scales short enough for the viscoelastic behaviour to be neglected. Sections 6.3 and 6.4 are concerned with materials that exhibit large strains and nonlinearity but (to a good approximation) none of the other departures from the behaviour of the ideal elastic solid. These are rubber-like materials or elastomers. Chapter 7 deals with materials that exhibit time-dependent effects at small strains but none of the other departures from the behaviour of the ideal elastic sohd. These are linear viscoelastic materials. Chapter 8 deals with yield, i.e. non-recoverable deformation, but this book does not deal with materials that exhibit non-linear viscoelasticity. Chapters 10 and 11 consider anisotropic materials. [Pg.164]


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