Introduction to Magnetic Spectroscopy

2 Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Dipoles, and Electric Charges 

Unless otherwise noted, all art on this page is Cengage Learning 2014. 

FIGURE 16.1 Cirrrent traveling through a straight wire causes the formation of a cylindrical magnetic field, labeled B. 

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The spin-Hamiltonian concept, as proposed by Van Vleck [79], was introduced to EPR spectroscopy by Pryce [50, 74] and others [75, 80, 81]. H. H. Wickmann was the first to simulate paramagnetic Mossbauer spectra [82, 83], and E. Miinck and P. Debmnner published the first computer routine for magnetically split Mossbauer spectra [84] which then became the basis of other simulation packages [85]. Concise introductions to the related modem EPR techniques can be found in the book by Schweiger and Jeschke [86]. Magnetic susceptibility is covered in textbooks on molecular magnetism [87-89]. An introduction to MCD spectroscopy is provided by [90-92]. Various aspects of the analysis of applied-field Mossbauer spectra of paramagnetic systems have been covered by a number of articles and reviews in the past [93-100]. 

Jardetzky, 0., and C. D. Jardetzkyl Introduction to magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods and biochemical applications. Methods Biochem. Analy. 9, 235 (1962). 

Almost every NMR book begins with a discussion of basic theory. Short, elementary accounts of theory are given in such books as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance by P. J. Hore28 and Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy by R. J. Abraham, J. Fisher, and P. Loftus,29 as well as in books mentioned later that are directed toward biological applications or molecular structure elucidation. 

P. B. Ayscough, Electron Spin Resonance in Chemistry, Methuen, London, 1967 J. E. Wertz and J. R. Bolton, Electron Spin Resonance, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972 M. Symons, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1978 A. Carrington and A. D. McLachlan, Introduction to Magnetic Resonance, Chapman Hall, London, 1980. 

References for the ENDOR experiment include the following A. Abragam and B. Bleaney, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Transition Ions, 2nd Ed. Oxford Press (Clarendon), Oxford, 1970 A. Carrington and A. D. McLachlin, Introduction to Magnetic Resonance with Applications to Chemistry and Chemical Physics. Harper Row, New York, 1967 N. M. Atherton, Electron Spin Resonance Theory and Applications. Halstead Press, New York, 1973 L. Kevan and L. D. Kispert, Electron Spin Double Resonance Spectroscopy. Wiley, New York, 1976 J. R. Pilbrow, Transition Ion Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Oxford Univ. Press (Clarendon), Oxford, 1990. 

In this short introduction to NMR spectroscopy, a discussion of important NMR parameters will be presented through experiments that cover solution-state H NMR, solid-state NMR and magnetic resonance imaging. 

EPR spectroscopic measurements can be performed at high, room or low (>4K) temperature. Samples may be solid (single crystal or powder) or liquid (fluid or frozen solution, a glass ). In this brief introduction to EPR spectroscopy, we shall be concerned only with magnetically dilute systems in which the unpaired electrons are involved in intramolecular (not intermolecular) interactions. Moreover,... 

Nelson, J.H., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 2003. Abraham, R.J., Fisher, J., and Loftus, R, Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York, 1988. University of Wisconsin, NMR Bibliography available on-line at http //www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/ reich/Handouts/nmr/NMR-Biblio.htm. 

Atkins, P.W., Symons, M.C.R. The Structure of Inorganic Radicals. Amsterdam Elsevier 1967. Ayscough, P.B. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy in Chemistry. London Methuen 1967. Carrington, A., McLachlan, A.D. Introduction to Magnetic Resonance. New York Harper and Row 1967. 

In Chap. 1 is written by Saburo Nasu, the reader will find a general introduction to Mossbauer Spectroscopy. What is the Mossbauer effect and What is the characteristic feature of Mossbauer spectroscopy These questions are answered briefly in this chapter. Mossbauer spectroscopy is based on recoilless emission and resonant absorption of gamma radiation by atomic nuclei. Since the electric and magnetic hyperfine interactions of Mossbauer probe atom in solids can be described from the Mossbauer spectra, the essence of experiments, the hyperfine interactions and the spectral line shape are discussed. A few typical examples are also given for laboratory experiments and new nuclear resonance techniques with synchrotron radiation. 

Ball DW (1990) An introduction to magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy general theory and applications. Spectroscopy 0 18-24. 

Figure 5.8 Precession of the magnetic moment in each of the two possible spin states of an 7 = 1/2 nucleus in an external magnetic field B0. After Macomber [160]. Reprinted from R.S. Macomber, A Complete Introduction to Modern NMR Spectroscopy, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, NY, Copyright (1998, John Wiley Sons, Inc.). This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

R.K. Harris, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 6, Longmans, 1997 C.A. Fyfe, Solid State NMR for Chemists, C.F.C. Press, 1983 M.J. Duer, Introduction to Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Black-well Science, London, 2004 M.J. Duer, Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Principles and Applications, Blackwell Science, London, 2002. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a form of absorption spectroscopy and concerns radio frequency (rf)-induced transitions between quantized energy states of nuclei that have been oriented by magnetic fields. Several nonmathemati-cal introductions to NMR are recommended to supplement the material here [1-9]. For greater mathematical depth, a number of excellent texts are available [10-26]. 

C. Glaubitz, An introduction to MAS NMR spectroscopy on oriented membrane proteins, Concepts in Magnetic Resonance, 2000, 12, 137-151. 

Lambert, J.B., Holland, L.N., and Mazzola, E.P., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Introduction to Principles, Applications and Experimental Methods, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2003. 

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