INTRODUCTION, OUTLINE OF SKELETAL CHARACTERIZATION

We mention at the outset that several important and routine characterization techniques for CPs have been dealt with at length in previous chapters, notably  

Routine electrochemical characterization, including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, (Chapters 3 and 4)  

Electron and other microscopies for morphological characterization (Chapters 8-10). 

A basic characterization of a new CP system (which may include, e.g., a common CP such as P(ANi) but with a new dopant) may encompass only a few rudimentary techniques. The following usually suffice for a comprehensive characterization  

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