Intestine physiology

Vertzoni M, Fotaki N, Kostewicz E, Stippler E, Leuner C, Nicolaides E, Dressman J, Reppas C (2004) Dissolution media simulating the intralumenal composition of the small intestine Physiological issues and practical aspects. J Pharm Pharmacol 56 453 162... 

Botulism also affects animals, where intoxication is caused by C. botulinum types C and D. A bovine disease visceral botulism was reported in Germany (Bohnel et al., 2001). It was caused by a long-lasting exposure to low quantities of botulin toxin that interfered with the neurological control of intestinal physiology. Visceral botulism in cows may pose a health risk for milk consumers, although to date there are no precise data on how serious the problem is (Cobb et al., 2002). 

Phillips, S.F., J.H. Pemberton, and R.G. Shorter. 1991. The large intestine Physiology, pathophysiology and disease. New York Raven Press. 

G. T. MacFarlane, and J. H. Cummings, The colonic flora, fermentation and large bowel digestion function, Chapter 4, The Large Intestine Physiology, Pathophysiology and Disease (S. F. Phillips, J. H. Pemberton, and R. G. Shorter, eds.), Raven Press, New York, 1991. 

Macfarlane GT, Gnminings JH. In Phillips SF, Pemberton JH, Shorter RG, eds. The Large Intestine Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Disease. New York, NY Raven Press 1991 51. 

Read, C. P. (1955). Intestinal physiology and the host-parasite relationship. In Some physiological aspects and consequences of parasitism, ed. W. H. Cole, pp. 27-49. Rutgers University Press New Jersey. 

Kvietys PR. Intestinal physiology relevant to short-bowel syndrome. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1999 9 196-199. 

Lahaye, M. and Kaeffer, B. (1997). Seaweed dietary fibers Structure, physiochemical and biological properties relevant to intestinal physiology. Sci. Aliments 17,563-584. 

McConnell EL, Fadda HM, Basil AW. Gut instincts explorations in intestinal physiology and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2008 364(2) 213-26. Available from PM 18602774. Siepmann F, Wahle C, Leclercq B, Carlin B, Siepmann J. pH-sensitive film coatings towards a better understanding and facilitated optimization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008 68(1) 2-10. Available from PM 17881197. 

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