Intertwined aggregate

In order to exploit the lipophilic core of the cylindrical aggregate, V,A, V",A "-tetrakis[2-hydroxy-1,1 -bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]hexadec-8-yne-l,l,16,16-tetracarboxamide was prepared this unsaturated ar-borol, possesses a centrally located alkyne moiety, and upon dissolution in water forms a gel comprised of a similar stacking motif to the saturated counterpart. The electron micrograph of this gel showed a unique aggregation pattern, in which bundles of intertwined aggregate columns were formed. The resultant, inherently helical pattern is in stark contrast to the needle-like structures formed by the related [9]-10-[9]-arborol. 

The asymmetric unit contains one copy each of the subunits VPl, VP2, VP3, and VP4. VP4 is buried inside the shell and does not reach the surface. The arrangement of VPl, VP2, and VP3 on the surface of the capsid is shown in Figure 16.12a. These three different polypeptide chains build up the virus shell in a way that is analogous to that of the three different conformations A, C, and B of the same polypeptide chain in tomato bushy stunt virus. The viral coat assembles from 12 compact aggregates, or pen tamers, which contain five of each of the coat proteins. The contours of the outward-facing surfaces of the subunits give to each pentamer the shape of a molecular mountain the VPl subunits, which correspond to the A subunits in T = 3 plant viruses, cluster at the peak of the mountain VP2 and VP3 alternate around the foot and VP4 provides the foundation. The amino termini of the five VP3 subunits of the pentamer intertwine around the fivefold axis in the interior of the virion to form a p stmcture that stabilizes the pentamer and in addition interacts with VP4. 

Conversely, flocculation implies those aggregation processes effected by the intertwining of fibrous particles, for example in the wool trade, or the entrapment of silt particles in foul water, as above. 

The history of organic radical ions is intertwined with the history of quinhy-drones , molecular aggregates between substrates that are readily oxidized and compounds that are readily reduced. In the absence of modem analytical methods, particularly magnetic resonance techniques, it was often difficult to ascertain whether one was dealing with a homogeneous radical ion salt, such as Wurster s Blue, or with a quinhydrone, such as the prototypical complex formed between benzoquinone and benzohydroquinone. Indeed, in several cases radical ions were mistaken for molecular complexes [54,55]. Furthermore, there are instances where a free radical ion and a molecular complex have a similar appearance, at least subjectively, so that it is not clear which of the two species was observed originally. 

Two unfortunate names that can easily lead to confusion have been given to the in-pathway conformations protofibrils and protofilaments. Protofibrils are, similar to oligomers, mostly unstructured but linear (31). However, in most cases the term protofibrils is used interchangeably with the term oligomer. The name protofilaments refers to linear aggregates with P-sheet structure that have a diameter of 3nm and are usually 50-100 nm in length. Mature, elongated protofilaments, also called filaments, intertwine to form protein fibrils. Fibrils... 

The characteristic properties of rubber are due to the fact that it is an aggregate of very long molecules, intertwined with one another in a rather random way. The structure of the molecules is such that they do not tend to align themselves side by side in a regular way, that is, to crystallize, but instead tend to retain an irregular arrangement. 

A micelle is a dynamic aggregation of any number of individual surfactant molecules, or monomers. Although the molecules are intertwined, they are in constant motion like those of a liquid. Thus, the interior of a micelle can be thought of as a separate phase and a micellar solution can be thought of as a microdispersion of that phase in water. If the micelle is considered to be a separate phase, it is then convenient to evaluate the solubilization capacity (k), in... 

After proteolysis, the fibrin molecules undergo both end-to-end and lateral aggregation followed by intertwining of the fibrils as shown schematically in Figure 3. The exact nature of the aggregation appears to depend on several environmental factors (31), and numerous models have been proposed in attempts to explain the details of the aggregation (21). 

Following fibrin monomer formation there is an aggregation of monomers to form fibrils which then become intertwined as depicted... 

---