Interpenetrated network gels

Boyd, BM Prausnitz, JM Blanch, HW, High-Frequency Altemating-Cross-Field Gel Electrophoresis with Neutral or Shghtly Charged Interpenetrating Networks to Improve DNA Separation, Electrophoresis 19, 3137, 1998. 

The information available on aqueous polymer blends is qualitative in nature because of the lack of a suitable theory to interpret the experimental observations. Mixed gels can be comprised of an interpenetrating network, a coupled network (as discussed above), or a phase-separated network [2]. The latter is the most common as the blends have a tendency to form two phases during gelation. In such cases the miscibility and thermodynamic stability have to be empirically investigated and proper conditions for miscible blends identified. This involves a phase diagram study as is described in [3]. 

The objective of this work was to affect the ia situ growth of silicon oxide microclusters or interpenetrating networks in Nafion membranes via the sol-gel reaction for tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The underlying hypotheses are ... 

In contradistinction to the PNIPA gel disks, the gel beads of millimeter size have no skin layer and bubbles on the surface. The lack of skin layer and bubbles can be explained by the structure of the gel beads. For the preparation of the beads the interpenetration network formation was used. This method results in two polymer networks within each other. If one is removed from the... 

In the above examples, which may be called simple colloids, a clear distinction can be made between the disperse phase and the dispersion medium. However, in network colloids this is hardly possible since both phases consist of interpenetrating networks, the elements of each being of colloidal dimensions. Porous solids, in which gas and solid networks interpenetrate, two-phase glasses (opal glasses), and many gels are examples of this category. 

A photoconductive sol-gel material based on an oiganierinorganic interpenetrating network has been deseribed. PVK acts as the charge transporting matrix and TNF acts as the sensitizer. ... 

G. Ramos, T. Belenguer, E. Bemabeu, F. del Monte, and D. Levy. A novel photoconductive pvk/sio2 interpenetrated network prepared by the sol-gel process. / Phys. Chem. B, 107(1) 110-112, January 2003. 

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