International taper

The hydraulieally tensioned, radial-fit bolt (Figure 6-32) replaees the traditional turbine shaft eoupling bolt and is reusable. The main body of the bolt is threaded at eaeh end and has a slight taper on the eenter seetion, whieh engages with the similarly internally tapered sleeve and the two nuts. The bolt is taper-bored at eaeh end to aeeept the puller that is part of the hydraulie tensioning system. 

Zheng, J., Norton, D., and Shamsi, S. A. (2006). Fabrication of internally tapered capillaries for capillary electrochromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 78, 1323-1330. 

Fig. 4.24. Schematic representation of (A) external and (B) internal tapers at the outlet of the CEC column. Adapted from ref. [136] with permission. Copyright Elsevier 1998.

Large face mills are mounted directly on the spindle nose. To ensure correct location and concentricity, a centring arbor with the appropriate international taper is held in the spindle by the drawbar. The diameter on the end of the centring arbor locates the cutter, which is driven by the spindle keys through a key slot in the back face of the cutter. The cutter is held in position by four screws direct into the spindle nose. Fig. 11.12. 

The use of internal tapers in adherends in order to minimize the maximum transverse stresses at the ends of bonded joints has also been studied by Rispler et al. (2000). An evolutionary structural optimization method (EVOLVE) was used to optimize the shape of adhesive fillets. EVOLVE consists of an iterative EE analysis and a progressive removal of elements in the adhesive which are low stressed. 

Tapers (internal or external), or more complex adherend shaping, are excellent methods to reduce the peel stresses at the ends of the overlap and, therefore, to increase the joint strength. Internal tapers with a fillet seem to be the more efficient way to have a joint increase, especially with brittle adhesives and when composites are used. The EE method is a convenient technique for the determination of the optimum adherend geometry however, the complexity of the geometry achieved is not always possible to realize in practice. 

---