International Program on Chemical

The eChemPortal is an effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the European Commission, the United States, Canada, lapan, the International Council of Chemical Associations, the Business and Industry Advisory Committee, the World Health Organization s International Program on Chemical Safety, the United Nations Environment Programme on Chemicals and environmental non-governmental organizations. 

International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), Environmental Health Criteria (WHO), were referred to [1, 2],... 

Ritter, L., Solomon, K.R., Forget, J, 1995. An Assessment Report on DDT-Aldrin-Dieldrin-Endrin-Chlordan-Heptachlor-Hexachlorobenzene-Mirex-Toxaphene-Polychlorinated Biphenyls-Dioxins and Furans for the International Program on Chemical Safety. 

Carls, N. Schiestl, R.H. (1994) Evalnation of the yeast DEL assay with 10 compounds selected by the International Program on Chemical Safety for the evalnation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Mutat. Res., 320, 293-303 Cesarone, C.F., Bolognesi, C. Santi, L. (1982) Evalnation of damage to DNA after in vivo exposnre to different classes of chemicals. Hrc/z. Toxicol, 5 (Snppl.), 355-359... 

World Health Organization International Program on Chemical Safety. 1999. Principles for the assessment of risks to human health from exposure to chemicals. Environmental Health Criteria No. 20. Geneva (Switzerland) World Health Organization. 

BarrettRH. 1985. Assays for unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa S3 cells. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, Draper M, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens Report of the International Program on Chemical Safety s collaborative study on in vitro assays. Amsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier Science Publisher, 347-352. 

International Program on Chemical Safety and the Commission of the Enropean Com-mnnities. 1999. Sec-bntyl acetate. Card no. 0840. Geneva, Switzerland International Labor Organization. 

World Health Organization (WHO). 1999. Concise international chemical assessment document 12. Manganese and its compounds. International program on chemical safety. Geneva, Switzerland WHO. 

T.S.S. Dikshith is a member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria Documents and the International Program on Chemical Safety and has worked in several laboratories in the United States, France, Germany, and Canada. By following the guidelines established in this text, those who work with chemical substances are able to minimize the risk of disaster and protect themselves... 

The development, validation, and application of TEFs have been reviewed regularly since 1984 by Safe [25,36,37]. The limitations of this approach have been identified [38]. To assess the relative potencies and to derive consensus on TEFs for PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs, the WHO-European Centre for Environmental and Health (WHO-ECEH) and the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) have initiated a project and published their interim report [39]. The most important limitations, namely possible synergism or antagonism among dioxins and its stereo isomers and the lack of pharmacokinetic consideration, have been addressed in this report. USEPA researchers [40] showed that the relative potency of PCBs, PCDFs, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD is tissue specific and thus estimates of TEFs based on hepatic EROD activity is limited. Additionally, limitations of TEFs based on mammalian models to aquatic species have been demonstrated [41]. The international initiative on TEFs has recognized these pitfalls and recommended development of TEFs for fish and other wildlife. 

Carls N, Schiestl RH. Evaluation of the yeast DEL assay with 10 compounds selected by the International Program on Chemical Safety for the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. MutatRes. 1994 320(4) 293-303. 

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