International Association of Plumbing

JAPMO. International Association of Plumbing Mechanical Officials. 

Uniform Plumbing Code Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (lAPMO), the Uniform Plumbing Code covers all aspects of plumbing, including requirements for plumbing materials and lAPMO installation standards. 

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Codes.639... 

Beyond the Western Fire Chiefs Association issuing the Uniform Fire Code, now NFPA 1, another organization was a partner to ICBO, namely the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) who issued the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC)138 and the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). They continue to do so, but now have an agreement with NFPA so that the UMC and the UPC are NFPA s equivalents to the ICC codes. The UPC has little, if any, importance with regard to fire issues. 

FTC. Federal Trade Commission. lAPMO. International Association of Plumbing Et Mechanical Officials. 

A burn injury that may be caused by the direct exposure to hot liquid, steam, or a hot gas. It is estimated that hot water scalds account for 20 percent of all burns. Approximately 2000 children in the United States are treated for scald burns each year. A contributing factor is that children have not fully developed the thickness of their skin therefore, they burn faster than adnlts. Scalding incidents occur most frequently in bathrooms and kitchens. The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials have amended the Uniform Plnmbing Code to require antiscald protection. Some manufactures offer an anti-scald thermostatic mixing valve to be installed in the hot water supply line to prevent inadvertent scalding water from reaching end-point devices in domestic water installations. 

Finally, we mention several current applications somewhat outside of biochemistry in the usual sense. Thermography has slowly been coming to the fore. Many of the problems associated with the analysis of thermograms were treated at the Fifth International Symposium on Temperature (Plumb, 1972) in 1972 and new applications were discussed at the Sixth Symposium (Schooley, 1982) in 1982. Of perhaps more current interest is the greatly expanded interest in temperature measurement in hyperthermia and hypothermia. A recent New York Academy of Sciences conference has done an excellent job of reviewing this (Ann. N.Y. Acad., 1980). Cetas also wrote a general review of thermometry in this field (Cetas, 1968). Perhaps the most exciting new method in thermometry is that of optical fluorescence, which we described earlier. Catheters, whole-body scanners, etc., have been made for use with this method. At this point, 0.01°C is probably the least imprecision that can be obtained with the commercial instrument (Luxtron), with data obtained every 0.1 sec. Improvements are likely, however, as needs are made known to the company. 

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