Internal stress induced defects

Sometimes, the third layer of nickel was co-deposited with inert particles, or it was deliberately made with high residual internal stresses so as to induce the defectivity desired within the film of chromium. 

Internal Friction. The application of a stress to a material containing point defects leads to measurable consequences that differ from those of an imaginary solid which is free of such defects. In particular, through the application of an alternating stress field, it is possible to induce microscopic rearrangements involving such... 

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