Internal slag

Other special additions are used to deoxidize copper. Such alloys may be preferred in appHcations where embrittlement by hydrogen through reaction with internally dispersed copper oxide particles is a concern, such as in CllO. The most common deoxidized copper is C122, in which phosphoms reacts with copper oxide to form phosphoms pentoxide that can be slagged from the copper while molten. 

The seal must also resist the vibrations from the explosions of internal combustion in the engine, chassis and wheel vibrations, and even potholes in the road. This seal must resist strong chemicals (anti freeze, anti-rust agents, radiator stop-leak and sealant chemicals, gasoline and lubricant residuals), and also solid particles (rust, iron slag, minerals, asbestos fibers, and silica from the engine casting mold). In spite of all this, the mechanical seal on the water pump of your car can run 7, 10, even 15 years without problems. 

Emery, J.J., Pelletized lightweight slag aggregate, in Proceedings of Concrete International 1980, Concrete Society, April, 1980. 

Yasuno, M., S. Fukushima, F. Shioyama, J. Hasegawa, and S. Kasuga. 1981. Recovery processes of benthic flora and fauna in a stream after discharge of slag containing cyanide. Verhandl. Intern. Verein. Theoret. Ange. Limnologie 21 1154-1164. 

Internal and external surfaces to be thermally cut or welded shall be cleaned to remove paint, oil, rust, scale, grease, slag, oxides, and other deleterious material that would be detrimental to the base metal. 

Naik, T., Ramme, B.W. and Tews, J.H. (1992). Pavement construction with high-volume fly. Fourth International Conference on The Use of Fly Ash Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Istanbul, Turkey, May 3-8, 65-80. 

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