Internal/external biliary catheter

Fig. 1.3a-c. Transhepatic internal/external biliary drainage of malignant distal common bile duct (CBD) stricture due to pancreatic cancer, a Opacification of the right peripheral duct by a percutaneous puncture shows irregular stricture of the distal CBD (arrow), b Using a combination of 0.038-in. guidewire and a 5-F catheter, the CBD stricture was negotiated, c An 8-F multi-sidehole internal/external biliary catheter was placed over the wire... 

Relief of biliary obstruction, previously wholly a surgical procedure, is now accomplished by percutaneous or endoscopic techniques. Three types of drainage procedures are performed (1) external drainage, in which a percutaneous catheter is placed into the bile ducts above the obstructing lesion (2) internal/external drainage in which a percutaneously placed catheter is placed with the tip in the duodenum and (3) internal drainage using a totally internal... 

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