Interior face

Flammability. PhenoHcs have inherently low flammabiHty and relatively low smoke generation. For this reason they are widely used in mass transit, tiinnel-building, and mining. Fiber glass-reinforced phenoHc composites are capable of attaining the 1990 U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations for total heat release and peak heat release for aircraft interior facings (1,70). 

Figure 6.15 Metal binding sites on the interior face of the B helix in FloLF. From Granier et al., 1998. Reproduced by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Finally, L-type /2-solenoids have an unusual inverted arch (Fig. 12). Stacking of these arches makes a groove which forms the center of the binding site for polysaccharides or pectins (Jenkins and Pickersgill, 2001). In contradistinction to the other arches, the arc residues of inverted arches are interior-facing and are apolar, while residues in the -conformation which bound the arc, face the solvent and are mostly polar (Fig. 12). These arcs have ab conformations. Frequently the first arc residue is small, glycine or alanine, and the second position is occupied by a bulky apolar residue. 

These precursor proteins carry an N-ter-minal fatty acid (myristoyl) residue that promotes their attachment to the interior face of the plasmalemma. As the virus particle buds off the host cell, it carries with it the affected membrane area as its envelope. During this process, a protease contained within the polyprotein cleaves the latter into individual, functionally active proteins. 

The location of the copper with respect to the Greek key fold is interesting when compared to that of the cupredoxins. While the copper in the cupredoxins lies in the interior of the /8 barrel bound by three interior-facing residues of the carboxy-terminal loop in the )8 barrel, and by a histidine in an adjacent strand, the copper in SOD lies on the outside of its jS barrel, bound by one residue from the carhoxy-terminal loop and three from the adjacent strand (cf. Figs. 2c-5c with Fig. 8c.) A structural comparison of plastocyanin and SOD, coupled with sequence alignment of plastocyanin and ceruloplasmin (Ryden, 1988), showed that three of the SOD ligands correspond to putative copper ligands in ceruloplasmin. Why this is so will become more evident after the description of the ascorbate oxidase structure and its relationship to ceruloplasmin. 

We recall that any finite plane graph has a unique exterior face an infinite plane graph can have any number of exterior faces, including zero and infinity. Denote by pr the number of interior faces for example, Dodecahedron on the plane has P5 = 11-... 

We will prove later (in Theorem 4.3.2) that all vertices, edges, and interior faces of an (r, )-polycycle form a cell-complex (see Section 1.2.1). 

The inner dual Inn (P) of an (r, [Pg.44]

Proof, To prove that it is a cell-complex, we shall prove that the intersection of any two cells (i.e. vertices, edges, or interior faces) of an (r, )-polycycle P is again a cell of P or 0. For the intersection of vertices with edges or faces this is trivial. For the intersection of edges or faces, we will use the cell-homomorphism

[Pg.49]

If two interior faces F and F of P intersect in several cells (for example, two edges or two vertices), then their images in r, q] also intersect in several cells. It is easy to see that this cannot occur in [r, q. So, F and F intersect in an edge, vertex, or 0. The same proof works for other intersections of cells. ... 

The map can be finite or infinite and some holes can be i-gons with i e R. If R = r, then the above definition corresponds to (r, q)gen-polycycles. If an (R, q)gen-polycycle is simply connected, then we call it an (R, )-polycycle those polycycles can be drawn on the plane with the holes being exterior faces. (R, )-polycycles with R = r are exactly the (r, polycyclic hydrocarbons in Chemistry have a molecular formula, which can modeled on such polycycles, see Figure 7.1. The definition of (R, < )-polycycles given here is combinatorial we no longer have the cell-homomorphism into r, q). We will define later on elliptic,... 

In Figures 7.2 and 7.3, each elementary polycycle is denoted by a certain letter with a subscript two numbers indicate the values of the parameters p, (the number of interior faces) and vint (the number of interior vertices). The infinite series Es, respectively es have (pr, vinl) = (s+2, s), respectively (3s+2, s) and are represented for s < 5, respectively s < 6. 

All totally elementary ( 3,4,5, 3)-polycycles are enumerated in Lemma 7.4.3. We will now classify all finite elementary ( 3,4,5, 3)-polycycles with one hole. Such a polycycle with N interior faces is either totally elementary, or it is obtained from another such polycycle with N — 1 interior faces by addition of a face. 

There is no elementary ( 3,4,5), 3)-polycycles with 2 interior faces so, all elementary ( 3,4,5), 3)-polycycles with 3 interior faces are totally elementary and, by Lemma 7.4.3, we know them. Also, by Lemma 7.4.3, there are no finite totally elementary ( 3,4,5, 3)-polycycles with more than 3 interior faces. We iterate the following procedure starting at N = 3 ... 

Reduce by isomorphism and obtain the list of elementary ( 3,4,5), 3)-polycycles with N + 1 interior faces. 

So, for any fixed N, we obtain the list of elementary ( 3,4,5), 3)-polycycles with N interior faces. The enumeration is done in the following way run the computation up to A = 13 and obtain the sporadic elementary ( 3,4,5, 3)-polycycles and the members of the infinite series. Then undertake, by hand, the operation of addition of a face and reduction by isomorphism we obtain only the 21 infinite series for all N > 13. This completes the enumeration of finite elementary ( 3,4,5), 3)-polycycles. 

The determination of (r, )-polycycles having the maximal number of interior vertices for a fixed number of interior faces. Complete solution for the elliptic case is presented. 

Theorem 11.0.3 Let P be a finite (a, 3)gen-polycycle with t boundaries. Denote by v2 and v3 the number of vertices of degree 2, 3 on the boundary. Let x and pa be the number of interior vertices and a-gonal interior faces. Then, we have ... 

Two electrodes. 1 centimeter square, located on opposite interior faces of a hollow cube. I centimeter on an edge, would have a cell constant of 1/cm a measured conductance of tUO microsierneris at 25 C would indicate a conductivity of 100 microsiemens/cm (10 milUsiemens/m) at 25°C. 

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