Interface corner

The use of jets of oxygen-rich, nonreactive. or reactive mixtures located at the corner of the tube interface to assist the detonation transition (Fig. 11.56) is investigated. The potential benefits of the corner jets are (1) the oxygen content in the jets (nonreactive or reactive) may enhance the combustion process in the weakened part of the detonation near the interface corner and/or facilitate the formation of new transverse waves near the corner and (2) the momentum carried by the corner jets may weaken the expansion waves and, therefore, aid the detonation transition. 

The size of the interface-comer fracture process zone is not known, but one can estimate the extent of yielding. Fig. 13 shows three different predictions for the interface-corner yield zone at joint failure. Epoxy yielding is rate- and temperature-dependent and is thought to be a manifestation of stress-dependent, nonlinear viscoelastic material response. A precise estimate of the size of the interface-comer yield zone is, of course, totally dependent on the accuracy of the epoxy constitutive model. This constitutive model must be valid at the extremely high strain and hydrostatic tension levels generated in the region of an interface comer. Unfortunately, accurate epoxy models of this type are not readily available. Nevertheless, simpler material models can be used to provide some insights. The cmdest yield zone prediction shown in Fig. 13 uses a linear-elastic adhesive model to determine when the calculated effective stress exceeds the epoxy s yield... 

E. D. Reddy, Jr., T. R. J. Guess (1995) Butt joint tensile strength interface corner stress intensity factor prediction. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 9, 237. 

Assuming linear elasticity, Groth (1988) proposed an exact solution for the adhesive stresses at an interface corner in the form of a power series ... 

Stress singularities at butt joint interface corners were discussed by Reedy and Guess (1995) and Sawa et al. (1995). 

F, the EF corner, and the FG corner to follow. These shifts are transmitted to the subunit interfaces, where they trigger conformational readjustments that lead to the rupture of interchain salt links. 

Figure 9. Streamlines (top) and relative gas phase composition of A1 species (bottom) In a vertical axlsymmetrlc reactor at five different times during growth of an AlAs/GaAs superlattice. Red corresponds to all A1 species, violet to no A1 species. The corner Insert portrays the variation In solid fraction of A1 across the Interface. Buoyancy dominated flow.

In some species, onion (2), tomato, and sugar beet (13), the interface regions between cells, ie the middle lamella and the cell corners, are rich in relatively unesterified pectins which may function in cell-cell adhesion and play an important structural role in tissue integrity. Cell corners, in particular, may act as joists in the scaffolding function of the wall, bearing much of the mechanical load of the tissue (Jeronomidis, pers. comm.). In Zinnia leaves, although all of the cell-walls contain methyl-esterified pectin. 

Perimeter interfaces around gold NPs as reaction sites for CO and O2 [12,39] AI2O3, Si02, Ti02, MnOz, FejOj, C03O4, NiO, ZnO, ZrOj, CeOj. Edge and corner sites of gold NPs [40]. 

Bubbles and drops tend to deform when subject to external fluid fields until normal and shear stresses balance at the fluid-fluid interface. When compared with the infinite number of shapes possible for solid particles, fluid particles at steady state are severely limited in the number of possibilities since such features as sharp corners or protuberances are precluded by the interfacial force balance. 

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