Intercalation into graphite fibers

In the case of intercalation reactions, the nanotexture of the host carbon materials has a strong effect. The intercalation of sulfuric acid into natural graphite can proceed at room temperature in concentrated sulfuric acid with a small amount of oxidant, such as nitric acid. The resulting intercalation compound is commonly used in industry for the preparation of exfoliated graphite [32], However, in order to intercalate sulfuric acid into carbon fibers, electrolysis is needed [145,146], Potassium as a vapor, on the other hand, can be easily intercalated in various carbon materials, even in low-temperature-treated carbon fibers [147],... 

Biintercalation, an interleaving of different inserted species, has been studied in the case of inserted halide species " . Halogen-containing solvents, with metal chlorides, can also lead to ternary phases, such as graphite-FeCl3-C2H4Cl2 . A different approach to inserted halides is the intercalation compound with trimethyltin chloride . Finally, the intercalation of halides into carbon fibers is an area of increasing interest . ... 

FIGURE 1.48 4oo2 versus Pi for carbon fibers. (Adapted from N. Iwashita. Intercalation reactions into graphite followed by potential and their application to battery. PhD thesis, Hokkaido University, Japan, (1992). N. Iwashita and M. Inagaki. Relations between structural parameters obtained by X-ray powder diffraction of various carbon materials. Carbon 31, 1107-1113 (1993). With permission.)... 

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