Intercalation degree

Deintercalation of hydrogen from HJnSe and HxGaSe crystals was carried out for 3-h9 hours at T — 110°C using permanent pumping out. Comparing Ej(x) dependencies in intercalated samples with those obtained after deintercalation (see curve 2 Fig. 3c), we ascertained that the intercalation degree of HJnSe samples... 

Thus, the electronic structures of fullerene anionic species can be obtained by filling the 3-fold degenerate LUMOs of the cluster. Accordingly, the products of the intercalation of alkali metals in fullerenes are expected to show, depending on the intercalation degree, an enhanced conductivity. In some cases superconductivity has been also observed (vide infra). 

A systematic study was realized on Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocomposites the influence of different percentages of montmorillonite (MMT), of MMT intercalation degree and of different organic modifiers of MMT on the diffusion coefficient of water and dichloromethane were analyzed. ... 

Staging phenomena as well as the degree of intercalation can be easily observed during the electrochemical reduction of carbons in Li+-containing electrolytes. Figure 6 (left) shows a schematic poten-tial/composition curve for the galvanostatic... 

LiC104 / PC electrolyte (Fig. 6), a process which was considered to be responsible for the continuing solvent decomposition when graphite is charged in PC-based electrolytes. This showed that, even in EC-based electrolytes, some degree of solvent co-intercalation exists but does not prevent formation of a stable SEI. It is clear that... 

HOPG cylinders showed that intercalation starts close to the basal planes and proceeds thence to the central layers. Cylinders capped at both ends with glass caps and grease are not intercalated. The layer system is split into a number of discs at a rate that increases with the degree of alignment of layer planes. For non-heat-treated PG, the threshold pressure increases with the number of layer planes in the sample. Similar results confirming this mechanism have been obtained with metal halides (H13). A mechanism of intercalation based on these results has been discussed by Hooley (H22). 

The reactions of hexafluorides with graphite may thus involve both intercalation and oxidation, a phenomenon that has been encountered to a greater or lesser degree with other fluorides, depending on their reactivities. 

Exfoliated nanocomposites Exfoliated nanocomposites are those where the degree of intercalation is so high that distance between the layers increases to a great extent and they no longer remain as stacked strucmre (Figure 2.6b). 

Recently a lot of attention is being given to the field of latex-based nanocomposites. Various organoclays as well as pristine clays have been intercalated in aqueous medium with NR latex, SBR latex, NBR latex, as well as carboxylated nitrile mbber (XNBR) latex [184—187], to achieve a good degree of dispersion. 

The [Co(phen)3]3+ complex is photoactive and a powerful oxidant in its excited state. The ion has no H-bonding groups and hence is considerably more hydrophobic1279 than hexaamine relatives. These properties have proven particularly useful. Aryl and alkyl substituted [Co(phen)3]3+ complexes have received a great deal of attention due to their ability to intercalate within the helical structure of DNA through a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. The chirality of the tris-chelate complex is crucial in determining the degree of association between the complex and... 

Furthermore, it is often possible to extract from the structural analysis of solid solvates a significant information on solvation patterns and their relation to induced structural polymorphism. An interesting illustration has been provided by crystal structure determinations of solvated 2,4-dichloro-5-carboxy-benzsulfonimide (5)35). This compound contains a large number of polar functions and potential donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds and appears to have only a few conformational degrees of freedom associated with soft modes of torsional isomerism. It co-crystallizes with a variety of solvents in different structural forms. The observed modes of crystallization and molecular conformation of the host compound were found to be primarily dependent on the nature of the solvent environment. Thus, from protic media such as water and wet acetic acid layered structures were formed which resemble intercalation type compounds. 

The family of true clathrates based on hydrocarbons only is further enriched by the inclusion compounds of 48 with benzene (1 1) and p-xylene (2 1) 90> (Table 19). Figure 28 illustrates the structure of 48 benzene (1 1). The structure of the p-xylene clathrate shows intercalated guest molecules at centers of symmetry in the crystal lattice. Both clathrates are rather unstable at ambient temperatures and decompose easily, e.g. on exposure to X-rays (even in the presences of mother liquor). The 48 p-xylene clathrate is unstable to such a degree that decomposition occurs at low temperature. 

New anodic and cathodic peaks appear which indicates some degree of reversibility of the anion intercalation. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the... 

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