Intercalating pollutants

In addition [103,104], a new type of composite that combines DNA with silica components via a sol-gel method was described. The DNA-silica hybrid material is advantageous with respect to its mechanical and chemical stability in both aqueous and organic solvents. Similar to the previously described hybrids, the specific functions of the DNA molecules were retained and maintained the DNA-silica hybrid materials adsorb DNA-interactive chemicals from diluted aqueous solution. In another series of reports [105-109], DNA-loaded PSf microspheres were fabricated by means of a liquid-liquid phase separation technique. The release rate of DNA from the microspheres can be controlled by manipulating the microsphere structure. Increasing the polymer concentration causes lower porosity and smaller pores on the outer surface of the microspheres, and leads to a low release rate of DNA from the microspheres. The DNA-loaded PSf microspheres could effectively accumulate harmful DNA-intercalating pollutants and endocrine disruptors, as described in previous reports. 

The reported strategies utilized in DNA sensing include (1) sequence-specific hybridization processes based on the oxidation signal of most electroactive DNA bases, guanine and adenine [13,24] or (2) quasi-specific detection of small molecules capable of binding by intercalation or complexation with DNA, such as metal coordination complexes, antibiotics, pesticides, pollutants, etc. [17,18] or in the presence of some metal tags such as gold, silver nanoparticles, etc. [23,50,51]. 

Ffowever, such DNA ligands are often toxic or carcinogenic. Nowadays it is well known that several pollutants exhibit carcinogenicity through intercalation into DNA. Some examples are PAFfs or aromatic amines, and some endocrine disruptors, in coal tar, atmospheric pollutants, automobile exhaust, and cigarette smoke. PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs have especially emerged as... 

LDH-intercalated phthalocyanines can be used for the detoxification of ground-water polluted with cyanides. Keruk used MgAl-oxide-supported Co(PcTs)" as catalyst in his patent for conversion of CN into environmentally benign CO2 and N2 in the presence of O2 (623) ... 

The amount of sodium required to reach the same degree of decontamination of polluted soils was frequently higher when Na was first dissolved in NH3/ followed by slurrying the soil.. During the time it takes for the NHj/solvated electron solution diffuse into the soil (or for intercalated toxic conq>ounds to extract into the NH3), cotq>etitive reactions of solvated electrons with H2O or NH3 (catalyzed by Fe or dissolved O2) occur. 

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