Intelligent instructional systems

Using Intelligent Instructional Systems in Real Contexts... 

The intelligent instructional systems (IIS) we are working with are not conventional intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) since they do not contain an explicit model of the instructor or a model of the instractors model of the student. They do contain a simulation of an operational system and a model of expert performance on the task that is the basis for intelligent feedback. Tliey are meant to play a role in instmction as conducted by human instractors, hence the term IIS. 

In the field of education, many of the expert system applications are embedded inside the intelligent tutoring system (ITS) by using techniques from adaptive hypertext and hypermedia. ITS is a system that provides individualized tutoring or instruction. In contrast to other expert systems, ITS covers multiple knowledge areas ... 

PiroUi, P. L., Gieeno, J. G. (1988). The problem space of instructional design. In J. Psotka, L. D. Massey, S. A. Mutter (Eds). Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lessons Learned. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum,... 

Jonassen, D.H. (1989a) IDD advisor Using expert systems as an intelligent job aid. In Proceedings of the Association for the Development of Computer-based Instructional Systems. Bellingham, WA ADCIS. 

Russell, D.M., Moran, T.P., and Jordan, D.S., The Instructional Design Environment, in J. Psotka, L.D. Massey and S.A. Mutter (eds). Intelligent Tutoring Systems Lessons Learned, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1988. 

I have used the concept of "learner control" to order the types of computer-based learning activities. This same concept could be used to describe variations within a specific type of activity. For example, Duchastel [20] discusses learner control in the context of intelligent computer assisted instruction systems. 

There is a clear need to broaden our evaluation methods so that we are better able to assess the impact of simulations, microworlds, intelligent tutoring systems, and other types of "complex" computer-based learning environments. In addition, there is a striking need to assess the impact of computers on coUege/university level audiences and particularly to document the impact of computer-assisted instruction on higher order cognitive processes at every school level. 

Duchastel, P., Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction Systems The Nature of Learner Control, Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 379- 393.1986. 

Advances in information technologies have also made possible the design of intelligent tutoring systems which can be used alone or in combination with simulations or other instructional approaches. Collins and Stevens [4] have identified a variety of strategies which... 

Macmillan, S. A. and Sleeman, D. H., An Architecture for a Self-Improving Instructional Planner for Intelligent Tutoring Systems Conq>utational Intelligence, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 17-27, February 1987. 

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