Instrumental neuron activation

Clinical interest in Mg + has increased recently, with the commercialization of Mg " " ISEs based on neutral carrier ionophores for benchtop clinical electrolyte instruments such as AVL and Nova [84]. Magnesium is important for neuronal activity, cardiac excitability, muscular contraction, and blood pressure, among other physiological roles it exists bound to proteins or to small anions and as free Mg +, but has traditionally been measured as total Mg. The recent availability of ISEs combined with the known decrease in dietary magnesium intake in the western world has stimulated clinical research that may have important implications in cardiac care [85] and diabetes [86], as it is now known that ionized Mg (free Mg +) levels can vary, whereas total Mg remains constant. 

Among the many roles for TGF-p in development and homeostasis, this cytokine plays a major role in the induction and mediation of immunoregulation [55], TGF-[3 may be instrumental in the immunoregulatory properties of CD4+ Tregs, but the evidence is indirect. The injection of antibodies to t-PA (an activator of plasmin) that activates TGF-(3 [56] or antibodies to TGF-P into a site of immunized mice challenged with antigen enhances contact sensitivity [57]. It is notable here that t-PA is produced by sympathetic neurons that influence the generation and possibly the activity of CD8+ suppressor T cells [41, and see below]. 

---