Instrument cloning method

The number of processed samples can be increased proportionally by increasing the number identical systems. The time and analytical requirements for each sample are not changed, but the number of samples per hour can be increased. Because no change in analytical methods is necessary, cloning SEC instruments and methods is straightforward and can be carried out in most environments. 

The Lab Chip instruments/methods currently commercially available generally have less resolution and are less sensitive compared to conventional CE-SDS methods. However, the high throughput of the Lab Chip technique makes it attractive for in-process monitoring during process development. The Lab Chip method is generally used for process development activities such as clone selection, cell culture process development, and optimization of the downstream purification process. 

There have been several approaches to overcome the traditionally slow SEC separations, which are caused by the diffusion processes in SEC columns. Most of them are column-related (see High-Speed SEC Columns, Small Particle Technology, and Smaller SEC Column Dimensions ) one utilizes the column void volume (cf. Overlaid Injections ), while another replaces separation with simplified sample preparation (see Flow Injection Analysis ). Cloning existing methods and instrumentation is also reviewed with respect to the potential time gain (see Cloning of SEC Systems ). Benefits and limitations of each method are summarized in Table 1. 

Successful application of NIRS greatly depends on the robustness, specificity, selectivity and transferability of the calibration. In particular, it is highly desirable to be able to support a plant analyser from a laboratory instrument. Sampling-based optical artefacts and the optical characteristics of each instrument, including mechanical and photometric errors, impair transferability of data between instruments. Collaborative NIRS projects with transfer between instruments of calibration files, equations and spectra have been described [245] and interlaboratory collaborative studies of NIRS calibration methodology (for moisture analysis) have been carried out [246]. Blanco et al. [247] have compared various calibration methods in NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. An absolute procedure for instrument calibration and standardisation has been presented [248]. A cloning procedure and... 

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