Insertion/deletion methods

Fig. 14. Examples of homogeneous hybridization assay methods (F luminophore, Q quencher, D donor, A acceptor). Thick lines represent DNA strands. Open circles on DNA strands indicate a SNP/mutation site for Molecular Beacon and insertion/deletion sites for dual FRET probe and dual FRET Molecular Beacon when these methods are applied to SNP/mutation typing or deletion/insertion detection. The solid circle on die strand indicates the complementary site.

Progressive Deletion Method of Sequencing Plasmid Inserts. Direct plasmid (and M13-based) sequencing may also be coupled to a number of directed deletion protocols, for example, using ExoIII/mung bean nu-... 

Fig. 3 The comparison between random mutagenesis methods and gene recombination methods. Random mutagenesis methods create a library of variants containing point mutations or insertions/deletions (represented by x) from a single parental gene, whereas gene recombination methods create a library of chimeric variants via blockwise exchange of sequence information among the parental genes. A few representative methods that have been developed so far are listed.

We thank Drs. David Beck and Donald Coppock for helpful discussions and for revising the manuscript. Figures 2A and 4A are reprinted from Robledo, R., Beggs, W., and Bender, P. (2003) A simple and cost-effective method for rapid genotyping of insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Genomics 82,580-582, with permission from Elsevier. This work was supported by funds from the NIGMS Contract NOl-GM-9-2101 and the Coriell Institute for Medical Research. 

Robledo, R., Beggs, W., and Bender, P. (2003) A simple and cost effective method for rapid genotyping of insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Genomics 82, 580-582. 

Sohni, Y. R., Burke, J.R, Dyck, R J., andO Kane, D. J., Microfluidic chip-based method for genotyping microsatellites, VNTRs and insertion/deletion polymorphisms, Clin. Biochem., 36, 35, 2003. 

The chemical potentials in both phases can, in principle, be measured in a simulation by the Widom virtual particle insertion/deletion technique [247]. Determining, for both liquid and vapor at a chosen temperature, the chemical potentials as function of pressure, one finds the coexistence pressure pcoex(r) from the intersection of both curves. This approach is readily generalized to more-component systems. This technique was first demonstrated for simple models of pure fluids [248, 249] and then extended to more complicated models of molecules [153, 250] describing quadrupolar fluids, and to various mixtures [154], Again, this method is problematic near critical points. The angle under which the two curves and p p,T) cross at p = pcoex becomes very... 

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