Inquisition Spanish

He added that this platina had been presented to him about nine years before by a skilful and inquisitive metallurgist [Mr. Charles Wood] who met with it in Jamaica, whither it had been brought from Carthagena (Colombia). Dr. Brownrigg believed it probable that there is great plenty of this semimetal in the Spanish West Indies, since trinkets made of it are there very common. He mentioned its high melting point and its refractoriness toward borax and other saline fluxes. But the Span-... 

Stop it Sally says as she looks at wriggling splotches of crimson floating in the air. Occasionally, the white of bone appears. It s as if a torturer from the Spanish Inquisition had sliced you with a huge sharp razor from head to toe and proudly brandished the thin slice in front of Sally (Fig. 5.2). 

Many transmutations take the form of rewriting the triggering situation as a violation of some impartial standard of fairness, justice, or entitlement. Often, these are also cases of transmutation of passion into passion, mediated by reason. Consider first the case of envy. In III.3,1 discussed an example from Tocqueville that shows how people get rid of their feelings of inferiority by explaining the success of others in terms of dishonest behavior. A very similar analysis occurs in Netanyahu s analysis of the persecution of the Jewish conversos by the Spanish Inquisition. 

One of the chief officers of the Spanish Inquisition in Mexico was Ruiz de Alarcon, who has left a written account of his attempts to stamp out the use of ololiuqui. Because of this man s Anslinger-like zeal, the Indians were placed in an untenable dilemma on the issue - either they faced the archonic wrath of their inner god on the one hand, or the cruel and unusual punishments of their space/time Spanish overlords on the other ... 

European contact with this molecule didn t occur until more than 2,500 years later, when the Spanish Inquisition reacted with characteristic savagery to anyone who dared to break their laws by eating it ... 

At the time of the Spanish Inquisition, observed Maurice Maeterlinck, the opinion of good sense. . . was certainly that people ought not to burn too large a number of heretics extreme and unreasonable opinion obviously demanded that they should burn none at all. Today it is the same with involuntary mental hospitalization. The opinion of good sense now is that psychiatrists ought to commit only those mental patients who are "very ill, or dangerous to themselves or others extreme and unreasonable opinion obviously demands that no one should be committed. 

Consider, for example, Zilboorg s History of Medical Psychology First published in 1941, and widely accepted as a classic in medical and psychiatric historiography, it is a volume composed of 606 closely set pages, the last 16 of which make up the Index. Yet this Index lists no entry for Jews, for anti-Semitism, or for the Spanish Inquisition. The single entry for Spain is a laudatory reference to the establishment of mental hospitals there in the fifteenth century. ... 

Converted Spanish Jews were called conversos or converted ones, by the Spaniards, and marranos, the Spanish word for swine or pigs, by the Jews. It is not known who coined the name marrano, Jew or Spaniard, why the name stuck, and why the Jews still call the Spanish crypto-Jews marranos. Persons accused by the Spanish Inquisition of practicing the Jewish faith in secret were called Judaizers. In this connection, see Max I. Dimont, Jews, God, and History,... 

The differences between the Spanish and the Roman Inquisition with respect to witchcraft are consistently emphasized by historians and theologians, and equally consistently ignored by psychiatrists and medical historians. For the reasons of this omission we do not have far to seek. If the witches burned at the stake were mentally sick persons, and if there were hardly any witches burned in Spain, the psychiatric epidemiologist is faced with the need to explain why, with madmen so numerous throughout Europe, were there so few in Spain Or were the Jews, Judaizers, and conversos persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition also mentally ill Implicit in the reason-... 

There are other examples of groups of people having been defined as heretics—or degenerates or mentally ill. In 1568, the Spanish Inquisition declared the entire population of the Netherlands heretics and condemned it to death. The Nazis declared whole groups of people whom they wanted to destroy—mainly Jews, Poles, and Russians— racially degenerate. We, in the United States, have declared other groups—drug addicts, homosexuals, persons h r-... 

True to the life of bureaucratic oiganizations, the Spanish Inquisition never admitted that any of its teachings had been false or its practices misguided. It did not, as Lea points out, deny the existence of witchcraft, or modify the penalties of the crime. . . [instead], it practically rendered proof impossible, thus discouraging formal accusations, while its prohibition of preliminary proceedings by its commissioners and by the local officials, secular and ecclesiastical, was effectual in preventing the outbreak of witchcraft epidemics. So far as the records before me show, cases became very few after. . . 1610. ... 

An anonymous Spanish inquisitor is said to have remarked, apropos of the terrors of the Inquisition, that It is no great matter whether they that die on account of religion be guilty or innocent, provided we terrify the people by such examples. (Herbert J. Muller, Freedom in the Western World, p. 173.)... 

In thirteenth-century Spain, the penalty for homosexuality was castration and "lapidation [execution by stoning]. Ferdinand and Isabella changed this, in 1479, to burning alive and confiscation, irrespective of the station of the culprit. In other words, then the crime was subject to punishment by both secular and ecclesiastic courts— just as now it is subject to punishment by both penal and psychiatric sanctions. In 1451, Nicholas V empowered the Inquisition to deal with it. When the institution [Inquisition] was founded in Spain, Lea writes, .. . the Seville tribunal made it [homosexuality] the subject of a special Inquest there were many arrests and many fugitives, and twelve convicts were duly burnt. The Spanish Inquisition, whose principal enemies, as we have seen, were Judaizers and Moriscoes, was thus also hard on homo-sexuals.f... 

In the same way, a Spanish inquisitor might have said that It is axiomatic that the entire Inquisition is concerned with the rights of the faithful, especially rights to true belief and salvation. ... 

The Spanish Inquisition is established. Its aim is to examine the genuineness of the faith of converted Jews. 

At an auto-da-fe held by the Spanish Inquisition at Toledo, fifty-two persons are burned at the stake for the heresy of practicing Jewish rites. ... 

The Spanish Inquisition declares the entire population of the Netherlands to be heretics and condemns it to death. ... 

Ferdinand VII officially restores, by royal decree, the entire machinery of the Spanish Inquisition. 

Ferdinand VII abolishes the Spanish Inquisition. Despite this, the Inquisition lingers on until terminated by a formal decree, issued by Queen Christina, in 1834. 

Kamen, H. The Spanish Inquisition. New York New American Library,... 

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