Inorganic ruthenium

Ruthenium (III) chloride (2H2O) (P-form) [14898-67-0] M 207.4 + HjO, m >500 (dec), d 3.11, pK 3.40 (for aquo Rh hydrolysis). Dissolve in H2O, filter and concentrate to crystallise in the absence of air to avoid oxidation. Evaporate the solution in a stream of HCl gas while being heated just below it boiling point until a syrup is formed and finally to dryness at 80-100 and dried in a vacuum over H2SO4. When heated at 700° in the presence of CI2 the insoluble a-form is obtained [Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Vol II 1598 1965 J Org Chem 46 3936 1981]. 

Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, System No. 63, Ruthenium, (a) Main volume, 1938 (reprint 1968) (b) Elements and compounds, Suppl. 1970. 

Chemistry and thermodynamics of ruthenium and some of its inorganic compounds and aqueous species. J. A. Rard, Chem. Rev., 1985, 85,1 (480). 

Other reactions of small inorganic molecules are the oxidation of chloride ion at a Nafion electrode impregnated with a ruthenium 0x0 complex and the reduction of nitrogen monoxide to ammonia at a Co phthalocyanine modified electrode... 

The first vanilloid receptor antagonist was Ruthenium Red (RR), an inorganic dye [1, 2]. Commercial RR is a mixture of compounds [65] and it remains to be understood... 

Among the most active catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones and imines to chiral alcohols and amines are arene-ruthenium(II) amino-alcohol (or primary/ secondary 1,2-diamine)-based systems, with an inorganic base as co-catalyst, developed by Noyori139-141 and further explored by others (Scheme 27).142-145... 

Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus pentasulfide Phosphorus pentoxide Phosphorus, red Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus bichloride Water or steam Air, alcohols, water Formic acid, HF, inorganic bases, metals, oxidants, water Organic materials Potassium, ruthenium tetroxide, sodium, water Acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl dichloride, dimethylsulfoxide, hydroxylamine, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, sodium water... 

This type of hydrodehalogenation has been performed generally in the presence of organic or inorganic bases to neutralize the hydrogen halides formed. Among published results, the use of rhodium complexes as catalysts dominates, but palladium and ruthenium complexes have also been applied on a frequent basis. 

A number of reviews have been published that survey the general coordination chemistry of ruthenium and osmium. The ehemistry and thermodynamies of ruthenium and its inorganic compounds and aqueous speeies have also been reviewed. ... 

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