Inorganic matrix embedding

Better candidates for the study of acoustic emission are composite materials. The extremely brittle polyvinyltoluene sample which showed easily detectable acousic emission (6) was indeed to some extent such a composite material since it was a sample used for scintillation counting of nuclear radiation. The crystalline particles of the inorganic scintillator embedded in the rather rigid polymer matrix differ enough in elastic properties from those of the matrix that a substantial stress enhancement occurs on the interface between the two components. One has about twice the bulk stress on the poles and one third on the equator of a perfectly rigid spherical particle. Such a stress increase in the poles leads rather early to adhesion failure of the particle-matrix boundary and to microcrack formation. This finally makes the sample fail at small strain-to-fracture, cb = 0.5%. The microcracks act as nuclei for crazing. The opening of a fissure between the particle and the matrix is sufficiently... 

The term FRP describes a group of materials composed of organic or inorganic fibres embedded in a polymer matrix. Material with high... 

A typical upconversion material is composed of two components, an inorganic host matrix and doping lanthanide ions (Figure 3). For achieving efficient ETU, effective energy transfer between the host matrix-embedded ions is essentially required, so the doped ions can also be divided into two types, activator (emitter) and sensitizer (absorber). 

Generally, the electrophysical properties of materials are strongly dependent on their microstructure. In this respect, sensing properties are controlled by their grain size. In the case of inorganic particles embedded into a polymer matrix, the... 

The use of fibres and fabrics as additives to reinforce matrix materials in structures that are often referred to as composites goes back into prehistory, as in the use of straw to reinforce clay bricks. As usual, nature developed such structures first. Examples are wood (cellulosic fibres in a lignin matrix) and bone (collagen fibres in an inorganic matrix). A composite need not be based on fibres - it is a material or product formed by intimate combination of two or more distinct physical phases, so the sh ls of crustaceans (calcium carbonate in a chitin matrix) are composite structures. However, the word composite now commonly brings to mind structures consisting of fibres embedded in a matrix of some other material, whether plastic, ceramic or metal (i.e. fibrous composites), and even tends to be used particularly for structures in which the fibres are laid out in organized fashion before the matrix material is consolidated around them. 

Many isotropic nanomaterials consist of a concentrated set of isolated nanophases embedded in a homogeneous matrix, e.g., colloidal sols (solid nanoclusters embedded in a liquid matrix) and nanohybrid materials (solid inorganic clusters embedded in a solid polymeric matrix). Often, the set of clusters cannot be considered as dilute and uncorrelated, in the sense that the scattering intensity is not sinply given by I(q) = N- I q) (equation (8-14)) over the whole q range. The characteristics of the SAXS intensity produced by two types of systems conposed of spatially correlated nano-objects will be described (i) a homogeneous set of identical nanoclusters and (ii) a set of identical nanoclusters forming a two (or multiple) level structure. 

Choueikani, F., Royer, F., Jamon, D.N., Siblini, A., Rousseau, J.J., Neveu, S., and Charara, J. (2009) Magneto-optical waveguides made of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles embedded in silica/zirconia organic-inorganic matrix. Appl. Phys. Lett, 94,051113. 

MMMs are based on the application of nanofillers, which are added in a matrix material. In most cases, the nanofillers are inorganic and embedded in a polymeric or inorganic oxide matrix [125]. These nanofillers feature a larger specific surface area leading to a higher surface-to-mass ratio [126,127]. 

Bone, or osseous tissue, is composed of osteocytes and osteoclasts embedded in a calcified matrix. Hard tissue consists of about 50% water and 50% solids. The solids are composed of cartilaginous material hardened with inorganic salts, such as calcium carbonate and phosphate of lime. 

---