Inorganic lanthanides

ILs are becoming useful solvenfs to investigate fhe specfroscopic behavior of both organic and inorganic lanthanide complexes in solution, especially of complexes with weakly binding ligands, which otherwise would be unable to compete with the solvent molecules for a binding site on the lanthanide ion [9]. 

Both the lanthanide chelate-incorporated nanoparticles [27] and the inorganic lanthanide-doped nanocrystals [28] share some common characteristics of lanthanide... 

Dosev D, Nichkova M, Kennedy IM (2008) Inorganic lanthanide nanophosphors in biotechnology. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 8 1052-1067... 

Soukka T, Kuningas K, Rantanen T et al (2005) Photochemical characterization of up-converting inorganic lanthanide phosphors as potential labels. J Fluoresc 15 513-528... 

The inorganic lanthanide triflate complexes Ln(OTf)3 (made in aqueous solution) have been shown by Kobayashi to be efficient Lewis-acid catalysts for hydroxy-methylation (using commercial aqueous formaldehyde solutions) of silicon enolates in aqueous medium (water -i- THF) or even in water alone in the presence of a surfactant. In these reactions, activation proceeds by coordination of the aldehyde oxygen atom by the Ln center that is a strong Lewis acid due to its hard character. Among the lanthanide triflates, ytterbium triflate was found to be the most active catalyst, but scandium triflate can sometimes also be efficiently used. Enantio-selective versions are also known in the presence of chiral macrocyclic ligands. The water-soluble catalyst is recovered in water after extraction of the organic products. 

Other inorganic lanthanide 6.6.2. Ce redox chemistry in deep waters 570... 

Thorough compilations of lanthanide hydrolysis data are given by Rizkalla and Choppin (1991), and Baes and Mesmer (1976). Lanthanide hydrolysis constants are potentially the most controversial constants used in inorganic lanthanide speciation calculations. The hydrolysis constant estimates shown in table 6 are based on the assessment by Lee and Byrne (1992) and were derived from the recommended constants of Baes and Mesmer (1976). The hydrolysis constants of Lee and Byrne (1992) at 25°C and zero ionic strength are larger than the log)3° estimates of Millero (1992) by about 0.2 units, and are in... 

SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS BASED ON INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF LANTHANIDES... 

T. Moeller, The lanthanides. Chap. 44, pp. 1-101, in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 4, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973 Lanthanides and actinides, Vol. 7, MTP International Review of Science, Inorganic Chemistry (Series Two) (K. W. Bagnall, ed.), Butterworths, London, 1975, 329 pp. 

Two practical advantages of luminescence species engulfed in antenna dendrimer scaffolds are apparent, namely their miscibility with organic media (solvents or/and resins) and their ability to form thin films. For example the lanthanide-cored dendrimer complexes described in this chapter can be regarded as organic-soluble inorganic luminescers. 

Stevens formalism turned out to be very powerful, and works easily as long as only the ground 2S+1Lj multiplet ofthe lanthanide ion is considered. As such, it has been widely used in studies on EPR properties of lanthanide-based inorganic systems [6, 22], while it is not well suited for optical spectroscopy. Indeed, when starting to include excited multiplets the Stevens formalism becomes much too involved. This is the reason why a more general formalism, developed by Wybourne [3], is of widespread use in optical studies - naturally dealing with excited multiplets - and... 

Lanthanides form soluble complexes with many inorganic and organic substances however, the nature of the bonding in these complexes has not been completely determined. There is evidence for either ionic or covalent bond formation or a combination of both. Lanthanides are complexed by inorganic ions, but not as readily as are the transition elements. The inorganic complexes are not as important... 

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