Ionic behavior, inorganic

Let us now consider inorganic ionic behavior. Na+ shows R values greater than unity throughout almost the entire range of the solvent composition with a maximum at about 30 mol % TMS. Cl" and Br", up to 60 mol % in TMS, possess nearly constant values, and are roughly equal to those in water, while I" and C104", which are the best structurebreaking ions in water, show a minimum in Walden products at about 10 mol % TMS. Therefore Na+, contrary to anions, behaves in water-TMS as it does in the mixtures studied by Kay and Broadwater. 

Although the motion of protons does not lead to electrical conduction in the case of benzoic acid, electronic and even ionic conductivity can be found in other molecular crystals. A well-studied example of ionic conduction is a film of polyethylene oxide (PEO) which forms complex structures if one adds alkaline halides (AX). Its ionic conductivity compares with that of normal inorganic ionic conductors (log [cr (Q cm)] -2.5). Other polymers with EO-units show a similar behavior when they are doped with salts. Lithium batteries have been built with this type of... 

Treatment of 1 with a variety of inorganic salts MX in polar solvents leads to the displacement of CP for X-. The reaction most likely involves predissociation of the chloride ion followed by attack of the exchanging anion X" at the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium center [Eq. (31)]. Conductivity tests indicate that although (r -CsHsXPPl RuCl is a nonelectrolyte in acetone, appreciable ionic behavior develops in donor... 

For nonionic amphiphiles, the effects of temperature on the phase behavior are large and the effects of inorganic electrolytes are very small. However, for ionic surfactants temperature effects are usually small, but effects of inorganic electrolytes are large. Most common electrolytes (eg, NaCl)... 

Curve 1 in Figure 7.14 is the type of behavior characteristic of most un-ionized organic compounds. Curve 2 is typical of inorganic electrolytes and highly hydrated organic compounds. The type of behavior indicated by curve 3 is shown by soluble amphipathic species, especially ionic ones. The break in curve 3 is typical of these compounds however, this degree of sharpness is observed only for highly purified compounds. If impurities are present, the... 

With type 1 solutes, surface tension in aqueous solution mildly increases with concentration. Because activities generally increase with concentration, from Eq. (50), these solutes have a negative surface excess concentration (i.e., they are depleted in the surface layer). Inorganic electrolytes show this behavior. In the bulk solution, these ions are stabilized by interacting with the extended ionic environment of the solution. In the surface layer, this environment is limited in extent in one direction. 

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